(from the article "China") ...that they would be allowed to enter the city in 1849. Yet troubles continued. As a result of his inability to control the situation, Qiying was recalled in 1848 and replaced with the less-compliant Xu Guangjin. As the promised date ...
(from the article "Confucianism") Xu Heng (1209-81) took a practical approach. Appointed by Kublai, the Great Khan in Marco Polo's Description of the World, as the president of the Imperial Academy and respected as the leading scholar in the court, Xu conscientiously introduced Zhu ...
(from the article "China") In 684 disaffected members of the ruling class under Xu Jingye raised a serious rebellion at Yangzhou in the south, but this was speedily put down. The empress instituted a reign of terror among the members of the Tang royal ...
(from the article "Chinese languages") ...characters. In addition to archaeological finds, the most important source for the early history of Chinese characters is the huge dictionary Shuowen jiezi, compiled by Xu Shen about AD 100. This work contains 9,353 characters, a number ...
colourful figure in the history of Chinese painting who is known for having been a child prodigy, bureaucrat, apparent madman, and painter. [1 Related Articles]
Chinese poet who strove to loosen Chinese poetry from its traditional forms and to reshape it under the influences of Western poetry and the vernacular Chinese language. [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Xuancheng") ...market for rice, as well as for other grains and oilseeds. The surrounding area also produces silk and green tea; much of the tea is processed in Wuhu. The city is famous throughout China for its Xuan paper-a special type ...
city, southeastern Anhui sheng (province), China. It is the natural centre of the basin north of the Huang Mountains and lies on the route from Nanjing (Jiangsu province) and Wuhu south to Shexian and to Jiangxi province.
(from the article "China") ...when weak emperors were exploitatively dominated by favoured eunuchs: Wang Zhen in the 1440s, Wang Zhi in the 1470s and '80s, and Liu Jin from 1505 to 1510. The Hongxi (reigned 1424-25), Xuande (1425-35), and Hongzhi (1487-1505) emperors were nevertheless ...
posthumous name (shi) of the eighth emperor (reigned 74-49/48 BC) of the Han dynasty (206 BC-AD 220), who ascended the throne when the designated heir apparent behaved indecorously during mourning ceremonies for his father. The Xuandi emperor ... [2 Related Articles]
former city, northwestern Hebei sheng (province), China. In 1963 it was incorporated into Kalgan (Zhangjiakou), becoming a district of that city. Xuanhua district is situated some 25 miles (40 km) southeast of central Kalgan, on the upper course of the ...
Chinese jade form found in the Shang (c. 1600-1046 BC) and Zhou (1046-256 BC) dynasties. It is a flat disk similar in shape to the bi, except that the outer edge is broken into an irregular serration ...
(from the article "China") ...under strong leaders, able to forge a united nomadic empire challenging the dominance of the Chinese, there were confrontations. The "punitive" action into the north during the reign of Xuanwang (827-782 BC) does not seem to have been very large ...
Buddhist monk and Chinese pilgrim to India who translated the sacred scriptures of Buddhism from Sanskrit into Chinese and founded in China the Buddhist Consciousness Only school. His fame rests mainly on the volume and diversity of his translations of ... [16 Related Articles]
temple name (miaohao) of the seventh emperor of the Tang dynasty (618-907) of China, which during his reign (712-756) achieved its greatest prosperity and power. [7 Related Articles]
city, central Henan sheng (province), China. It is situated along the southwestern edge of the North China Plain northeast of the Funiu Range (an eastern extension of the Qin [Tsinling] Mountains). It has since early times been ...
(from the article "China") ...he was murdered by members of his entourage at Jiangdu. However, by 617 the real powers in China had become the various local rebels: Li Mi in the area around Luoyang, Dou Jiande in the northeast, Xue Ju in the ...
Chinese economist (b. Oct. 25, 1904, Wuxi, Jiangsu province, China-d. July 22, 2005, China), introduced economic reforms that pushed China toward a market-driven economy. He was imprisoned in 1927 for his activism on behalf of the Communist Party, and during ...
(from the article "Confucianism") The thought of the first outstanding Ming Confucian scholar, Xue Xuan (1389-1464), already revealed the turn toward moral subjectivity. Although a devoted follower of Zhu Xi, Xue's Records of Reading clearly shows that he considered the cultivation of "mind and ...
(from the article "China") ...had extended westward even beyond the limits of present-day Xinjiang. To the north, in the region of the Orhon River and to the north of the Ordos (Mu Us) Desert, the Tang armies defeated the Xueyantou (Syr Tardush), former vassals ...
(from the article "African literature") ...prophet Isaiah Shembe. Fascination with the heroic Zulu past continued in works by later writers-for example, Leonard Mncwango's Ngenzeni? (1959; "What Have I Done?"). Muntu Xulu's Simpofu (1969; "We Are Poor") focuses on the struggle between the Zulu king Cetshwayo ...
Chinese vessel flute made of pottery, one of the oldest known Chinese instruments. In its most common form it is egg-shaped with a flattened bottom, and there are five finger holes-three on the front and two (for thumbs) on the ...
(from the article "Xi River system") At the end of this section, the river receives its major right- (south-) bank tributary, the Yu River, and is then called the Xun River. The Yu River rises in southeastern Yunnan province and flows about 400 miles (750 km) ...
(from the article "Leizhou Peninsula") The main cities are Zhanjiang, now an important port in southern China, Haikang on the east coast, and Xuwen, with its port, Hai'an, at the southern tip of the peninsula. In 2000 work was completed on a railway from the ...
city, northwestern Jiangsu sheng (province), eastern China. It is located in a gap in the southern portion of the Shandong Hills that constitutes a southwestern extension of the North China Plain. Through this gap flows the Feihuang ...
(from the article "helicopter") ...and horizontal modes, including takeoff and "tail-sitter" landings, but the operational limitations in terms of speed, range, and payload were too great for further development. The Ryan XV-5A Vertifan used a jet engine to drive horizontally mounted fans in the ...
(from the article "international trade") The development of GATT trading rules offers insight into consequences of regional agreements. GATT article XXIV allowed countries to grant special treatment to one another by establishing a customs union or free trade association, provided that (1) duties and other ...
(from the article "carbohydrate") Xylans are almost as ubiquitous as cellulose in plant-cell walls and contain predominantly beta-D-xylose units linked as in cellulose (see Table 4). Some xylans contain other sugars, such as L-arabinose, but they form branches and are not part of the ...
(from the article "Ascomycota") Neurospora, a genus of about 12 widespread species, produces bakery mold, or red bread mold. It has been used extensively in genetic and biochemical investigations. Xylaria contains about 100 species of cosmopolitan fungi. X. polymorpha produces a club-shaped or fingerlike ...
(from the article "Ascomycota") ...species, produces bakery mold, or red bread mold. It has been used extensively in genetic and biochemical investigations. Xylaria contains about 100 species of cosmopolitan fungi. X. polymorpha produces a club-shaped or fingerlike fruiting body (stroma) resembling burned wood and ...
(from the article "fungus") ...in subclass Sordariomycetidae; examples of genera include Sordaria, Podospora, Neurospora, Lasiosphaeria, and Chaetomium.Saprobic; inoperculate asci; some with white conidia; included in subclass Xylariomycetidae; examples of genera include Xylaria, Hypoxylon,...Neurospora
(from the article "plant disease") The principal genera of plant pathogenic bacteria are Agrobacterium, Clavibacter, Erwinia, Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, Streptomyces, and Xylella. With the exception of Streptomyces species, all are small, single, rod-shaped cells approximately 0.5 to 1.0 micrometre (0.00002 to 0.00004 inch) in width and ...
in botany, part of the vascular system that conveys water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant and may also furnish mechanical support. Xylem consists of specialized water-conducting tissues made up mostly of narrow, elongated, ... [15 Related Articles]
any of three isomeric dimethylbenzenes [which have the same chemical formula, C6H4(CH3)2, but different molecular structure], used as solvents, as components of aviation fuel, and as raw materials for the manufacture of dyes, fibres, and films. The three isomers, designated ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "pentosuria") inborn error of carbohydrate metabolism, characterized by the excessive urinary excretion of the sugar xylitol. It is caused by a defect in the enzyme xylitol dehydrogenase, by which xylitol is normally metabolized. No disabilities are incurred, and no dietary or ...
(from the article "carpenter bee") ...first hollows out and then packs with pollen and eggs. A number of individual cells are placed in a row, separated by thin partitions of wood debris mixed with saliva. The large carpenter bee, Xylocopa, somewhat resembles the bumblebee but ...
(from the article "printing") Xylography, the art of printing from wood carving, the existence and importance of which in China was never suspected by Marco Polo, appeared in Europe no earlier than the last quarter of the 14th century, spontaneously and presumably as a ...
(from the article "hermit crab") ...inhabit sections of bamboo stems, broken coconut shells, and other articles, in addition to seashells. Pylocheles, a deepwater crab of the Indian Ocean, lives in bamboo sections; Xylopargus, found in West Indian waters at depths of 180 to 360 metres ...
(from the article "shipworm") ...important shipworms, i.e., those causing the most damage, are members of the genus Teredo, which includes about 15 species. Other genera are Bankia, Xylotrya, and Xylophaga. Teredo norvegica, of the coasts of Europe, has a tube about 30 cm (1 ...
(from Greek xylon and phone: "wood" and "sound"), percussion instrument consisting of a set of graduated, tuned wooden bars supported at nodal (nonvibrating) points and struck with padded mallets. [8 Related Articles]
(from the article "Magnoliales") The wood of Xylopia aethiopica is quite flexible and has some local use in west-central Africa for masts, boat paddles, and rudders. It has been described as termite-proof and, accordingly, is used for house posts and beams. The dried black ...
(from the article "marimba") ...upward from the C below middle C is common. Players may hold two sticks in each hand to play up to four notes at a time. Extremely large marimbas are known as xylorimbas.
(from the article "coleopteran") Coleoptera vary greatly in size, from a fraction of a millimetre to more than 200 mm (almost 8 inches) in length (e.g., rhinoceros beetle, Xyloryctes satyrus) and up to 75 mm (2.95 inches) in width (e.g., goliath beetle, Goliathus goliathus).
(from the article "Some naturally occurring monosaccharides") ...is present in a molecule, as is the case with sugars having four or more carbon atoms, a series of DL pairs exists, and they are functionally, physically, and chemically distinct; thus, although D-xylose and D-lyxose (see Table 1) both ...
(from the article "diagnosis") A five-carbon sugar, D-xylose, is absorbed in the duodenum and proximal jejunum. It is not metabolized and is excreted unchanged in the urine. The D-xylose absorption test measures the absorption ability of the jejunum. ...
(from the article "Poales") Eriocaulaceae and Xyridaceae are generally tufted herbs with rosettes of leaves and flowers clustered into capitate inflorescences. Eriocaulaceae, or the pipewort family, contains 10 genera of small tufted herbs with grasslike leaves that grow in aquatic and marshy habitats, mostly ...
relatively common human sex chromosome anomaly in which a male has two Y chromosomes rather than one. It occurs in 1 in 500-1,000 live male births, and individuals with the anomaly are often characterized by tallness and severe acne and ... [1 Related Articles]
diplomatic incident that, when made public in 1798, nearly involved the United States and France in war. Pres. John Adams dispatched three ministers to France in 1797 to negotiate a commercial agreement to protect U.S. shipping. In Paris the ministers ... [5 Related Articles]
