(from the article "Ukraine") ...deemed essential to reintegrate Ukraine fully into the Russian body politic. Shevchenko's patriotic verse earned him arrest and years of exile in Central Asia. In 1863 the minister of the interior, Pyotr Valuev, banned virtually all publications in Ukrainian, with ...
(from the article "Boxing") ...Cologne, Ger., Klitschko stopped Lamon Brewster (U.S.) in the sixth round. Although Brewster had defeated Klitschko in 2004, he had since undergone eye surgery and failed to put up much resistance. Nikolay Valuyev (Russia) began the year as WBA titleholder ...
(from the article "Slovenia") The Slovene government finances research institutes, especially in the natural sciences and technology. A Slovene scholarly tradition dates back to the 17th-century, when the Carniolan polymath Johann Weichard Freiherr von Valvasor provided some of the first written and pictorial descriptions ...
(from the article "Conrad II") ...Milan. Italy was rent by dissensions between the great princes, who, together with their vassals-the capitanei-had suppressed both knights and the burghers of the cities, the valvassores. Conrad upheld the rights of the valvassores, and, when Aribert, claiming to be ...
in anatomy, any of various membranous structures, especially in the heart, veins, and lymph ducts, that function to close temporarily a passage or orifice, permitting movement of a fluid in one direction only. A valve may consist of a sphincter ... [3 Related Articles]
in mechanical engineering, device for controlling the flow of fluids (liquids, gases, slurries) in a pipe or other enclosure. Control is by means of a movable element that opens, shuts, or partially obstructs an opening in a passageway. Valves are ... [7 Related Articles]
in music, a device, first used in 1815 by musicians Heinrich Stolzel and Friedrich Bluhmel of Berlin, that alters the length of the vibrating air column in brass wind instruments by allowing air to pass through a small piece of ... [5 Related Articles]
(from the article "gasoline engine") Noisy and erratic valve operation can be eliminated with entirely mechanical valve-lifter linkage only if the tappet clearance between the rocker arms and the valve stems is closely maintained at the specified value for the engine as measured with a ...
(from the article "gasoline engine") All four valve events-inlet opening, inlet closing, exhaust opening, and exhaust closing-are accordingly displaced appreciably from the top and bottom dead centres. Opening events are earlier and closing events are later to permit ramps to be incorporated in the cam ...
(from the article "petroleum refining") ...intervals. The most common fractionating trays are of the sieve or valve type. Sieve trays are simple perforated plates with small holes about 5 to 6 millimetres (0.2 to 0.25 inch) in diameter. Valve trays are similar, except the perforations ...
(from the article "trumpet") ...into prominence as a musical instrument in the Middle Ages. Later forms included the natural trumpet of the 16th-18th centuries and, following the invention of valves about 1815, the modern valve trumpet. The valve trumpet, ordinarily built in B♭, maintains ...
(from the article "Latin American literature") ...antigua de Mexico in the early 19th century, it manifests the Classical erudition of Jesuits in Mexico City and signals the evolution of Creole consciousness. A lawyer and theologian, Antonio Sanchez Valverde wrote important essays on medicine, philosophy, and history, ...
Spanish poet and scholar (b. Jan. 26, 1926, Valencia de Alcantara, Spain--d. June 6, 1996, Barcelona, Spain), was one of the leading voices of Spanish literature. His contemplative poetry explores the human condition in a religious or existential context. Valverde ...
(from the article "Atahuallpa") Atahuallpa rejected demands by the friar Vicente de Valverde, who had accompanied Pizarro, that he accept the Christian faith and the sovereignty of Charles V of Spain, whereupon Pizarro signaled his men. Firing their cannons and guns and charging with ...
(from the article "Hinduism") The Tantrists of the Vamacara ("the left-hand practice") sought to intensify their own sense impressions by making enjoyment, or sensuality (bhoga), their principal concern: the adept pursued his spiritual objective through his natural functions and inclinations, which ...
fifth of the 10 incarnations (avataras) of the Hindu god Vishnu. He made his appearance when the demon king Bali ruled the entire universe and the gods had lost their power. One day the dwarf Vamana visited the court of ... [1 Related Articles]
in popular legend, a bloodsucking creature, supposedly the restless soul of a heretic, criminal, or suicide, that leaves its burial place at night, often in the form of a bat, to drink the blood of humans. By daybreak it must ... [1 Related Articles]
any of three species of blood-eating bats, native to the New World tropics and subtropics. The common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus), together with the white-winged vampire bat (Diaemus, or Desmodus, youngi) and the hairy-legged vampire bat (Diphylla ecaudata) are the ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "cephalopod") ...open to water, completely surrounded by free eyelid; open-ocean animals living from the surface down to at least 3,000 m.Purplish-black gelatinous animals with 1 or 2 pairs of paddle-shaped fins at various stages of growth; 8 arms and 2 ...
city, eastern Turkey. It lies on the eastern shore of Lake Van at an altitude of about 5,750 feet (1,750 metres). The city lies in an oasis at the foot of a hill crowned by an ancient ruined citadel. A ...
(from the article "Chrysler Building") office building in New York City, designed by William Van Alen and often cited as the epitome of the Art Deco skyscraper. Its sunburst-patterned stainless steel spire remains one of the most striking features of the Manhattan skyline. Built between ...
doughnut-shaped zones of highly energetic charged particles trapped at high altitudes in the magnetic field of the Earth. The zones were named for James A. Van Allen, the American physicist who discovered them in 1958 using data transmitted by the ... [12 Related Articles]
American physicist, whose discovery of the Van Allen radiation belts, two zones of radiation encircling Earth, brought about new understanding of cosmic radiation and its effects on Earth. [5 Related Articles]
(from the article "circus") ...circus to newfound heights of popularity. Until that time, circuses maintained a fair level of success with traveling shows such as the Mount Pitt Circus, as well as those featuring the animal tamer Isaac Van Amburgh and the famous American ...
American entrepreneur (b. June 3, 1924, Grand Rapids, Mich.-d. Dec. 7, 2004, Ada, Mich.), cofounded Amway, a direct-sales company that generated billion-dollar revenues around the world. He founded Amway (short for American Way) with his childhood friend Richard DeVos in ...
(from the article "Phenomenology") In Belgium, at the Catholic University of Louvain, are located the entire posthumous works of Husserl, as well as his personal library. Thanks to the initiative of H.L. Van Breda, founder of the Husserl Archives, several scholars worked intensively on ...
(from the article "Oldenburg, Claes") In 1977 Oldenburg married Coosje van Bruggen, his second wife. The couple began to collaborate on commissions, and from 1981 her signature also appeared on their work. They worked with architect Frank Gehry on the Main Street Project (1975-84) in ...
(from the article "Western architecture") ...later, Potter's brother William Appleton-were responsible for a number of collegiate and public buildings in this harsh, polychrome Gothic style, but it was William Robert Ware and his partner Henry Van Brunt who were to become its most fashionable exponents. ...
city, seat (1839) of Crawford county, western Arkansas, U.S., on the Arkansas River opposite Fort Smith. The site, settled (1818) by Thomas Martin, was later called Phillips Landing (for Thomas Phillips, who bought land rights there in 1836). In 1838 ...
the wife of Martin Van Buren, eighth president of the United States. She died 18 years before her husband was sworn in as president and so did not serve as first lady.
eighth president of the United States (1837-41) and one of the founders of the Democratic Party. He was known as the "Little Magician" to his friends (and the "Sly Fox" to his enemies) in recognition of his reputed cunning and ... [5 Related Articles]
Dutch-American colonial merchant and public official who was the first native-born mayor of New York City and chief justice of the Supreme Court of New York.
(from the article "particle accelerator") In Van de Graaff generators, electric charge is transported to the high-voltage terminal on a rapidly moving belt of insulating material driven by a pulley mounted on the grounded end of the structure; a second pulley is enclosed within a ...
American physicist and inventor of the Van de Graaff generator, a type of high-voltage electrostatic generator that serves as a type of particle accelerator. This device has found widespread use not only in atomic research but also in medicine and ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "The Rembrandt Research Project") The year 2006 marked the 400th year since the birth of the renowned Dutch painter and printmaker Rembrandt van Rijn. The yearlong celebration of "Rembrandt 400"featured exhibitions and events in The Netherlands. From January 2 to December 31, the Rijksmuseum ...
American archaeologist and the first woman to specialize in Roman field archaeology. She established lasting criteria for the dating of ancient constructions, which advanced the serious study of Roman architecture.
(from the article "Unilever") ...chiefly to Britain. The heavy demand for increasingly expensive butter, however, led the company in 1871 to start producing the newly invented margarine. Meanwhile, another family in Oss, the Van den Berghs, had established themselves in the butter trade at ...
South African police official who created and headed the much-feared Bureau of State Security, which acted ruthlessly to suppress antiapartheid activity, and reportedly employed political murder and torture among his oppressive methods (b. Nov. 27, 1914--d. Aug. 16, 1997).
(from the article "galaxy") An entirely different kind of classification scheme is the luminosity classification developed in 1960 by the Canadian astronomer Sidney van den Bergh. Based on morphological considerations, luminosity classes are assigned to individual galaxies within the Hubble classes. Those that are ...
(from the article "Olympic Games") ...sprinter Marion Jones, who won three gold medals and two bronze. Australian swimmer Ian Thorpe, nicknamed the "Thorpedo," collected three gold medals and a silver, and Dutch swimmers Pieter van den Hoogeband and Inge de Bruijn each won two gold ...
(from the article "Orange River") ...which carries water from the Gariep Dam to the Great Fish River; and an irrigation canal between the Great Fish and Sundays rivers. Projects still under construction in the 1990s included the Van der Kloof irrigation canals below the Van ...
(from the article "1929/30: Other Winners") Writing: Frances Marion for The Big HouseCinematography: Joseph T. Rucker and Willard Van Der Veer for With Byrd at the South PoleArt Direction: Herman Rosse for King of Jazz
(from the article "gas") ...it is also consistent with the occurrence of condensation when supplemented with a thermodynamic condition. This is possibly one of the most-quoted but little-read theses in science. Nevertheless, van der Waals started a scientific trend that continues to the present. ...
relatively weak electric forces that attract neutral molecules to one another in gases, in liquefied and solidified gases, and in almost all organic liquids and solids. The forces are named for the Dutch physicist Johannes van der Waals, who in ... [8 Related Articles]
(from the article "algebra, modern") ...to consider the sets, rather than their elements, to be the objects of primary concern. A definitive treatise, Modern Algebra, was written in 1930 by the Dutch mathematician Bartel van der Waerden, and the subject has had ...
inlet of the Timor Sea of the Indian Ocean, indenting Northern Territory, Australia. Measuring 90 mi (145 km) by 50 mi and partially enclosed by Melville Island (northwest) and the Cobourg Peninsula (northeast), it is fronted by the mainland as ...
(1642-1855), the southeastern Australian island colony that became the commonwealth state of Tasmania. Named for Anthony van Diemen, governor general of the Dutch East Indies, the island was discovered and named in 1642 by Abel J. Tasman, a celebrated navigator ...
(from the article "Swimming") In the open-water competition at Montreal, Dutch star Edith Van Dijk ended her career in spectacular fashion. After more than five hours of swimming, the 32-year-old Van Dijk won the 25-km event by a mere three-tenths of a second. She ...
