| | - Valeriana
- (from the article "Valerianaceae") The largest genus, Valeriana, contains about 200 species and is best known for common valerian, or garden heliotrope (V. officinalis), occasionally as tall as 1.5 metres (5 feet). The species is native to Eurasia and is naturalized in North America, ...
- Valerianaceae
- the valerian family of the teasel order (Dipsacales), containing about 10 genera and more than 400 species of annual and perennial herbs, a few outstanding as ornamentals, salad or pot herbs, and as sources of medicines and perfumes. Greek valerian ... [1 Related Articles]
- Valerianella
- (from the article "Valerianaceae") Two Mediterranean species of the genus Valerianella, grown for their long, undivided leaves that are used in salads and as pot herbs, are corn salad (V. olitoria) and Italian corn salad (V. eriocarpa). The genus has about 80 members, mostly ...
- Valerii, tomb of the
- (from the article "Western sculpture") ...the church of S. Sebastiano on the Via Appia; the tombs of the Valerii and the Pancratii on the Via Latina (in the latter, stucco work is attractively combined with painting in the flat); and the tomb of the Valerii ...
- Valerius Flaccus, Gaius
- epic poet, author of an Argonautica, an epic which, though indebted to other sources, is written with vivid characterizations and descriptions and style unmarred by the excesses of other Latin poetry of the Silver Age.
- Valerius Maximus
- Roman historian and moralist who wrote an important book of historical anecdotes for the use of rhetoricians.
- Valero, Roberto
- Cuban poet noted for his poetry on tyranny in Fidel Castro's Cuba and on the human predicament in general.
- Valery, Paul
- French poet, essayist, and critic. His greatest poem is considered La Jeune Parque (1917; "The Young Fate"), which was followed by Album de vers anciens 1890-1900 (1920) and Charmes ou poemes (1922), containing "Le Cimetiere marin" ("The Graveyard by the ... [9 Related Articles]
- Valesii
- (from the article "eunuch") ...AD 185-c. 254) being the most celebrated example-have appeared in several Christian periods, basing their action on the text of Matthew 19:12; 5:28-30. The 3rd-century Valesii, a Christian sect of eunuchs, castrated themselves and their guests in the belief that ...
- valet
- (from the article "knight") ...not only in military subjects but also in the ways of the world. During this period of his apprenticeship he would be known as a damoiseau (literally "lordling"), or varlet, or valet (German: Knappe), until he followed his patron on ...
- Valette, Jean Parisot de la
- (from the article "Malta") ...Sovereign and Military Order of the Knights of Malta; see Hospitallers), a religious and military order of the Roman Catholic Church. Malta became a fortress and, under the Knights' grand master, Jean de Valette, successfully withstood the Ottoman siege of ...
- Valhalla
- in Norse mythology, the hall of slain warriors, who live there blissfully under the leadership of the god Odin. Valhalla is depicted as a splendid palace, roofed with shields, where the warriors feast on the flesh of a boar slaughtered ... [5 Related Articles]
- validity
- (from the article "formal logic") Probably the most natural approach to formal logic is through the idea of the validity of an argument of the kind known as deductive. A deductive argument can be roughly characterized as one in which the claim is made that ...
- Valignano, Alessandro
- Italian Jesuit missionary who helped introduce Christianity to the Far East, especially to Japan.
- valiha
- (from the article "stringed instrument") ...end. The maker then inserts small bridges at the extremes of the strings. (Various modifications and transformations of this principle exist, such as the bamboo-tube valiha of Madagascar and Malaysia, in which wire strings replace the idiochordic ...
- Valikanov, Chokan
- (from the article "Kazakhstan") ...found a more fertile ground among the Kazakhs than in the semi-independent Uzbek khanates. Russian schooling brought these ideas into Kazakh life, and Russian-formed intellectuals such as Chokan Valikanov and Abay Kunanbay-uli adapted them to specific Kazakh needs and created ...
- Valin
- (from the article "Hinduism") The story of Rama, like that of Krishna, also has a shadowy side. Rama's killing of the monkey king Valin (or Balin) in violation of all rules of combat and his banishment of the innocent Sita are troublesome to subsequent ...
- Valindaba
- site of a uranium enrichment pilot plant in Gauteng province, South Africa, on the western outskirts of Pretoria. Built by the Uranium Enrichment Corporation of South Africa (Ucor), it became operational in 1975. Valindaba uses a process, developed in the ...
- valine
- an amino acid obtained by hydrolysis of proteins and first isolated by the German chemist Emil Fischer (1901) from casein. It is one of several so-called essential amino acids for fowl and mammals; i.e., they cannot synthesize it and require ... [4 Related Articles]
- Valium
- trade name of a tranquilizer drug introduced by the pharmaceutical company Hoffmann-La Roche in 1963. Safer and more effective than earlier sedative-hypnotic drugs, Valium quickly became a standard drug for the treatment of anxiety and one of the most commonly ...
- Valkyrie
- in Norse mythology, any of a group of maidens who served the god Odin and were sent by him to the battlefields to choose the slain who were worthy of a place in Valhalla. These foreboders of war rode to ... [1 Related Articles]
- Vall, Ely Ould Mohamed
- (from the article "Mauritania") Area: 1,030,700 sq km (398,000 sq mi) | Population (2007 est.): 3,124,000 | Capital: Nouakchott | Chief of state: Chairmen of the Military Council for Justice and Democracy Ely Ould Mohamed Vall and, from April 19, Sidi Mohamed Ould Cheikh ...
- Valla, Lorenzo
- Italian humanist, philosopher, and literary critic who attacked medieval traditions and anticipated views of the Protestant reformers. [10 Related Articles]
- Vallabha
- also called Vallabhacarya Hindu philosopher and founder of the important devotional sect the Vallabhacaryas, also known as the pustimarga ("the way of prosperity, or well-being"). [6 Related Articles]
- Vallabhacarya
- school of Hinduism prominent among the merchant class of North and West India; its members are worshipers of Lord Krishna (Krsna) and followers of the pustimarga ("way of prosperity, or well-being"), founded by the 16th-century teacher Vallabha. [6 Related Articles]
- Valladolid
- provincia (province) in the comunidad autonoma (autonomous community) of Castile-Leon, northwestern Spain. It is bordered by the provinces of Leon and Palencia to the north, Burgos and Segovia to the east, Segovia, Avila, and ...
- Valladolid
- city, capital of Valladolid provincia (province), in the comunidad autonoma (autonomous community) of Castile-Leon,northwestern Spain. The city lies along the Pisuerga River at its confluence with the Esgueva, southwest of Burgos. [1 Related Articles]
- Valladolid, University of
- coeducational state institution of higher learning at Valladolid, in northwestern Spain. Established in the 13th century as an outgrowth of an old episcopal school of Valladolid, the university was recognized by Pope Clement VI in 1346 and was endowed and ... [1 Related Articles]
- Vallala Sena
- (from the article "Kulinism") in Hinduism, caste and marriage rules said to have been introduced by Raja Vallala Sena of Bengal (reigned 1158-69); the name derives from the Sanskrit word kulina, "of good family." Hypergamy (marrying a bride of a lower caste) was allowed ...
- Vallandigham, Clement L
- politician during the American Civil War (1861-65) whose Southern sympathies and determined vendetta against the Federal government and its war policy resulted in his court-martial and exile to the Confederacy. [1 Related Articles]
- Vallathol
- (from the article "South Asian arts") ...his metaphysics-yet all his life was active in promoting his downtrodden Ezhava community. Ullor wrote in the classical tradition, on the basis of which he appealed for universal love, while Vallathol (died 1958) responded to the human significance of social ...
- Valle Central
- highland valley in central Costa Rica, containing most of the country's large cities and about seven-tenths of the total population. The valley is divided by low volcanic hills (the Continental Divide) 3,000 to 5,000 feet (900 to 1,500 metres) above ... [2 Related Articles]
- Valle Crucis Abbey
- (from the article "Llangollen") ...held there since 1947 to promote international goodwill, and it also has a thriving tourist trade, located as it is on a main route into the mountains of North Wales. Historic local features include Valle Crucis Abbey (established c. 1200), ...
- Valle d'Aosta
- region, northwestern Italy, containing the upper basin of the Dora Baltea River, from its source near Mount Blanc to just above Ivrea. The region is enclosed on the north, west, and south by the Alps. Originally the territory of the ... [3 Related Articles]
- Valle de la Pascua
- city, northeastern Guarico estado (state), central Venezuela. Lying in the Llanos (plains), it is an important regional centre for a large cattle-raising area. Its main commodities are livestock products; the dairy industry is also prominent. The city lies on the ...
- Valle del Cauca
- departamento, western Colombia, rising from the Pacific lowlands across the Andean Cordillera Occidental to encompass the valley of the upper Cauca River. The department is a leading producer of sugar, rice, tobacco, and coffee. Buenaventura is the ...
- Valle del General
- (from the article "Costa Rica") ...Reventazon River to the Caribbean, and the western sector forms part of the basin of the Grande de Tarcoles River, which flows into the Pacific. Another large structural valley, the Valle del General, lies at the base of the Cordillera ...
- Valle y Caviedes, Juan del
- (from the article "Latin American literature") ...academies, luxurious goods, and various forbidden pleasures, all of which called forth an elaborate invective from Rosas de Oquendo. He was surpassed in his criticism of colonial doings, however, by Juan del Valle y Caviedes, a shopkeeper who was also ...
- Valle, Filippo della
- (from the article "Western sculpture") ...and of Pietro Bracci, whose allegorical figure "Ocean" on the Fontana di Trevi by Niccolo Salvi (completed 1762; see photograph) is almost a parody of Bernini's sculpture. Filippo della Valle worked in a classicizing style of almost French sensibility, but ...
- Valle, Pietro della
- Italian traveler to Persia and India whose letters detailing his wanderings are valuable for their full descriptions. [3 Related Articles]
- Valle-Inclan, Ramon Maria del
- Spanish novelist, dramatist, and poet who combined a sensuous use of language with bitter social satire. [2 Related Articles]
- Valledupar
- capital of Cesar department, northern Colombia. It is situated on a plain between two mountain ranges, the Sierra de Perija and the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Founded in 1550, the settlement prospered during the colonial era but suffered much ...
- Vallee, Rudy
- one of the most popular American singers of the 1920s and '30s. His collegiate style as a singing bandleader made him a national figure.
- Vallee-Poussin, Charles Jean de la
- (from the article "mathematics") ...Gauss had conjectured on the basis of extensive numerical evidence that this function was approximately x/ln(x). This turned out to be true, but it was not proved until 1896, when both Charles-Jean de la Vallee Poussin of Belgium and Jacques-Salomon ...
- Vallees, Les
- (from the article "Neuchatel") ...(leading to the Rhine) and Le Doubs River (leading to the Rhone). Its three regions are a low-lying strip along the lake called Le Vignoble (from its vineyards); an intermediate region, Les Vallees, comprising the two principal valleys of the ...
- Vallejo
- city, Solano county, western California, U.S. It lies along San Pablo Bay at the mouth of the Napa River, just north of Berkeley and Oakland. In 1850 military officer Mariano Guadeloupe Vallejo offered land for the new state capital of ...
- Vallejo, Cesar
- Peruvian poet who in exile became a major voice of social change in Spanish American literature.
- Vallejo, Fernando
- (from the article "Literature") Prolific Colombian writer Fernando Vallejo, winner of the 2003 Romulo Gallegos Prize, published Mi hermano el alcalde, in which he retold the vicissitudes of his brother, the mayor of Tamesis, a lost town in the mountains of Colombia. Political and ...
- Vallejo, Francois
- (from the article "Literature") One of the year's most celebrated novels was Francois Vallejo's Ouest, in which Lambert, the traditionalist game warden of a castle in the 1860s, takes an immediate dislike to the new baron who inherits the castle and who immediately fills ...
- Vallejo, Mariano Guadalupe
- (from the article "Sonoma") ...of San Francisco and 20 miles (30 km) southeast of Santa Rosa, in the Sonoma Valley (made famous by Jack London as the "Valley of the Moon"). It was founded in 1835 by military officer Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo (who had ...
- Valleran-Lecomte
- (from the article "theatre, Western") ...but the French love of order resulted in the intensification of the dramatic unities of time, place, and action. The first fully professional company, which included women, was that of Valleran-Lecomte; it took over the Hotel de Bourgogne toward the ...
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