| United Kingdom, history of ... United Nations Research Institute for Social Development |
| | - United Kingdom, history of
- (from the article "United Kingdom") Apart from a few short references in classical literature, knowledge of Britain before the Roman conquest (begun AD 43) is derived entirely from archaeological research. It is thus lacking in detail, for archaeology can rarely identify personalities, motives, or exact ...
- United Labor Party
- (from the article "Armenia") ...a policy dispute with Kocharyan, and his Orinats Yerkir party quit the ruling three-party coalition government and went into opposition. Tigran Torosyan was named new parliament speaker. The United Labor Party, headed by businessman Gurgen Arsenyan, which had six parliament ...
- United Left
- (from the article "Denmark") To counter Hojre, several groups that represented farmers combined in 1870 to form the United Left (Forenede Venstre), which in 1872 secured a majority in the Folketing. The Left demanded a return to the June constitution of 1849 as well ...
- United Left
- (from the article "Communist Party of Spain") ...from the Soviet Union. In Spain's first democratic elections, the PCE attracted little support, and by 1986 it had split into several relatively small factions. Subsequently, the PCE joined the United Left (Izquierda Unida), a coalition of left-wing and ecologist ...
- United Liberation Front of Assam
- (from the article "Bhutan") Virtually untouched by terrorist activities in the past, Bhutan began 2004 with a small-scale war as its 8,000-man army was sent to flush out Indian insurgent groups such as the United Liberation Front of Assam that were hiding in Bhutanese ...
- United Lutheran Church in America
- (from the article "Lutheranism") ...in the 20th century. The first two occurred in 1917, when three Norwegian synods formed the Norwegian Lutheran Church of America (NLCA), and in 1918, when three German-language synods formed the United Lutheran Church in America (ULCA). In 1930 the ...
- United Malays National Organization
- (from the article "Onn bin Jaafar, Dato'") ...a part in the government would lead to the "extinction" of the Malay race. Convening a meeting of more than 40 Malay organizations in March 1946 to oppose the union, Onn founded the United Malays National Organization (UMNO), a political ...
- United Methodist Church
- in the United States, a major Protestant church formed in 1968 in Dallas, Texas, by the union of The Methodist Church and the Evangelical United Brethren Church. It developed from the British Methodist revival movement led by John Wesley that ... [5 Related Articles]
- United Mine Workers of America
- American labour union, founded in 1890, that engaged in bitter, though often successful, disputes with coal mine operators for safe working conditions, fair pay, and other worker benefits. An industrial union, the UMWA includes miners in bituminous and anthracite coal ... [2 Related Articles]
- United National Congress
- (from the article "Trinidad and Tobago") In parliamentary elections held on Nov. 5, 2007, in Trinidad and Tobago, Prime Minister Patrick Manning's ruling People's National Movement took 26 of the 41 seats in the parliament, while the United National Congress Alliance (UNC) party won the remainder. ...
- United National Front
- (from the article "Sri Lanka") In a generally peaceful vote on April 2, Kumaratunga's United People's Freedom Alliance won 105 seats and replaced Wickremesinghe's United National Front, whose allotment fell to 82 seats, as the strongest party in Parliament. When Parliament reconvened, support for the ...
- United National Independence Party
- (from the article "Southern Africa") ...the nationalists had been released and new constitutions drawn up, and in 1963 the federation was dissolved. In the following year the Malawi Congress Party under Hastings Banda and the United National Independence Party (UNIP) under Kenneth Kaunda won the ...
- United National Party
- (from the article "Sri Lanka") ...support from small and radical partner parties to command a majority in Parliament. Although the 2005 presidential election was closely contested and probably would have been won by the opposition United National Party (UNP) candidate if the LTTE had not ...
- United Nations
- international organization established on October 24, 1945. The United Nations was the second multipurpose international organization established in the 20th century that was worldwide in scope and membership. Its predecessor, the League of Nations, was created by the Treaty of ... [254 Related Articles]
- United Nations Capital Development Fund
- United Nations (UN) organization established by the General Assembly in 1966 and fully operational in 1974. Headquartered in New York City, the UNDF, a semi-autonomous unit of the United Nations Development Programme, provides grants and loans to the least-developed members ...
- United Nations Command
- (from the article "Korean War") It was not until the first weeks of August that the United Nations Command, or UNC, as MacArthur's theatre forces had been redesignated, started to slow the North Koreans. The Eighth Army, commanded by Lieutenant General Walton H. Walker, one ...
- United Nations Commission on Human Rights
- (from the article "Ireland") ...had the highest proportion (36.6%) of workers born outside Ireland, mainly from Eastern Europe, China, and West Africa. Asylum seekers made up a very small percentage of immigrants. The UN Commission on Human Rights reported in March that Ireland received ...
- United Nations Conference on Disarmament
- (from the article "Chemical Weapons Convention") international treaty that bans the use of chemical weapons in war and also prohibits all development, production, acquisition, stockpiling, or transfer of such weapons. The CWC was adopted by the United Nations Conference on Disarmament on Sept. 3, 1992, and ...
- United Nations Conference on Environment and Development
- conference held at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (June 3-14, 1992), to reconcile worldwide economic development with protection of the environment. The Earth Summit was the largest gathering of world leaders in history, with 117 heads of state and representatives of ... [4 Related Articles]
- United Nations Conference on the Human Environment
- (from the article "United Nations") In response to growing worldwide concern with environmental issues, the General Assembly organized the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, which was held in Stockholm in 1972 and led to the creation of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) ...
- United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names
- (from the article "map") ...is exercised in the United States by the Board on Geographic Names and in the United Kingdom by the Permanent Committee on Geographical Names; worldwide these activities are coordinated by the United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names.
- United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
- permanent organ of the United Nations (UN) General Assembly, established in 1964 to promote trade, investment, and development in developing countries. Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, UNCTAD has approximately 190 members. [1 Related Articles]
- United Nations Conferences on the Law of the Sea
- (from the article "Netherlands, The") ...on the development of the Dutch economy. The gas fields are in the northeastern Netherlands-with the largest field at Slochteren-and beneath the Dutch sector of the North Sea. Under the Geneva Convention of 1958, The Netherlands was allocated a 22,000-square-mile ...
- United Nations Convention Against Corruption
- (from the article "Law, Crime, and Law Enforcement") ...treaties took effect in 2005. The Kyoto Protocol on global warming, having been ratified by 140 countries following its negotiation in Japan in 1997, entered into force in February. The United Nations Convention Against Corruption became law in December, 90 ...
- United Nations Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
- (from the article "military law") Both the European human rights convention and the United Nations Covenant on Civil and Political Rights expressly recognize that the right of free association may lawfully be restricted in the armed forces. Nevertheless, some countries (notably West Germany and The ...
- United Nations Development Programme
- United Nations (UN) organization formed in 1965 to help countries eliminate poverty and achieve sustainable human development, an approach to economic growth that emphasizes improving the quality of life of all citizens while conserving the environment and natural resources for ... [7 Related Articles]
- United Nations Emergency Force
- (from the article "Egypt") ...decision to abandon his policy of "militant inaction" toward Israel. For 10 years, relative peace on the border with Israel had been maintained precariously by the presence of the UNEF stationed on the Egyptian side. In the Arab summit conferences ...
- United Nations Environment Programme
- organization established in 1972 to guide and coordinate environmental activities within the United Nations (UN) system. UNEP promotes international cooperation on environmental issues, provides guidance to UN organizations, and, through its scientific advisory groups, encourages the international scientific community to ... [5 Related Articles]
- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
- (from the article "The Environment") The 11th Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) met in Montreal on Nov. 28-Dec. 9, 2005. About 190 nations attended as signatories to the convention, of which 157 had ratified the Kyoto Protocol. ...
- United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Office of the
- department of the United Nations (UN) created to aid and protect human rights. The UN General Assembly Resolution 48/141 created the OHCHR in its present form in 1993. The OHCHR works with all levels of government internationally to achieve its ...
- United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Office of the
- organization established as the successor to the International Refugee Organization (IRO; 1946-52) by the United Nations (UN) General Assembly in 1951 to provide legal and political protection for refugees until they could acquire nationality in new countries of residence. International ... [15 Related Articles]
- United Nations Human Development Report
- (from the article "Namibia") In the 2005 UN Human Development Report, Namibia moved up only slightly from 126th of 177 countries to 125th place. An estimated 40% of the population lived below the poverty line, and about 230,000 Namibians were HIV-positive; of those only ...
- United Nations Human Rights Committee
- (from the article "gas chamber") ...vacate the federal appeals court ruling that lethal gas was unconstitutional because the California legislature called for lethal injection unless a prisoner specifically requested lethal gas. The United Nations Human Rights Committee has considered California's gas chamber torturous and inhumane.
- United Nations Industrial Development Organization
- international UN development agency, based in Vienna, that was established by the General Assembly on January 1, 1967. UNIDO's governing body, the General Conference, meets every two years and determines policy and approves the budget. It also elects the director-general ...
- United Nations Institute for Training and Research
- United Nations organization established in 1965 to provide high-priority training and research projects to help facilitate the UN objectives of world peace and security and of economic and social progress. A Board of Trustees of up to 30 members is ...
- United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
- (from the article "Lebanon") ...the Lebanese government's pledge to deploy 15,000 Lebanese army troops along the southern borders, called for the Israelis to withdraw behind Lebanese borders, and promised the formation of a United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) headed by France that ...
- United Nations Korean Reconstruction Agency
- economic-rehabilitation program (1950-58) established to aid South Korea in recovering from the disruption caused by the 1945 partition creating the two Korean republics. In addition to problems of economic reconstruction, much attention was concentrated on the problem of refugees who ... [1 Related Articles]
- United Nations Mission in Eritrea and Ethiopia
- (from the article "Ethiopia") The border dispute with Eritrea continued throughout 2006, and the UN Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea was extended through January 2007. The stalemate between the two countries was generally stable. Ethiopia's increasingly visible involvement in the situation in Somalia represented ...
- United Nations Mission in Kosovo
- (from the article "Serbia") ...bombing campaign against Yugoslavia in response to increasing violence against its Albanian population; subsequently, the Yugoslav government agreed to remove its security forces from Kosovo. The United Nations Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) then took over the administration of the territory. ...
- United Nations Mission in Nepal
- (from the article "Nepal") With the signing of a comprehensive peace accord between the government and Maoist rebels in November 2006, Nepal's 11-year-long Maoist insurgency had come to an end. In January the United Nations Mission in Nepal (UNMIN) was established. Its mandate was ...
- United Nations Mission to the Central African Republic
- (from the article "Central African Republic") ...when France withdrew its troops from Bangui and closed its long-standing military base in Bouar. The United Nations took over the peacekeeping mission and six months later sent in troops under the UN Mission to the Central African Republic (MINURCA). ...
- United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
- agency of the United Nations (UN) Secretariat originally established in 1972 to coordinate international relief activities to countries struck by natural or other disasters. It is headed by a disaster relief coordinator who reports directly to the UN secretary-general and ...
- United Nations Office of Cartography
- (from the article "map") The United Nations Office of Cartography plays an important role in all of the activities noted above. It maintains records of progress on the International Map of the World and performs related services formerly handled by the Central Bureau of ...
- United Nations Orchestra
- (from the article "Gillespie, Dizzy") ...led several overseas tours sponsored by the U.S. State Department and traveled the world extensively, sharing his knowledge with younger players. During his last few years, he was the leader of the United Nations Orchestra, which featured such Gillespie proteges ...
- United Nations Palestine Commission
- (from the article "Palestine") ...and because nearly half of the population of the Jewish state would be Arab. Great Britain was unwilling to implement a policy that was not acceptable to both sides and refused to share with the UN Palestine Commission the administration ...
- United Nations Peace-Keeping Force in Cyprus
- (from the article "Cyprus") ...in northern Cyprus. In addition, because of the continued tensions between the two sides-which occasionally have flared into violence-the UN has maintained peacekeeping troops in Cyprus (UNFICYP) who police the demilitarized zone that divides the country; the United Kingdom also ...
- United Nations Peacekeeping Forces
- international armed forces first used in 1948 to observe cease-fires in Kashmir and Palestine. Although not specifically mentioned in the United Nations (UN) Charter, the use of international forces as a buffer between warring parties pending troop withdrawals and negotiations-a ... [6 Related Articles]
- United Nations Population Fund
- trust fund under the jurisdiction of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Established in 1969, the UNFPA is the largest international source of assistance for population programs and the leading United Nations (UN) organization for the implementation of the 1994 ...
- United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration
- administrative body (1943-47) for an extensive social-welfare program that assisted nations ravaged by World War II. Created on Nov. 9, 1943, by a 44-nation agreement, its operations concentrated on distributing relief supplies, such as food, clothing, fuel, shelter, and medicines; ... [6 Related Articles]
- United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East
- subsidiary agency created by the United Nations (UN) General Assembly in 1949 to provide relief, health, and education services for Palestinians who lost both their homes and means of livelihood during the Arab-Israeli wars following the establishment of the state ... [4 Related Articles]
- United Nations Research Institute for Social Development
- autonomous United Nations body established in 1964 to conduct research into the problems and policies of social and economic development. UNRISD is dependent on voluntary contributions from governments, from other UN organizations, and from various national and international agencies because ...
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