Encyclopædia Britannica Australia -

Encyclopedias since 1768

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S Andromeda ... Sa'id

S Andromeda: (from the article "galaxy") ...Milky Way Galaxy. If this was the case, it was argued, then its extraordinary brightness must indicate that M31 cannot be very far away, certainly not outside the local system of stars. Designated S Andromeda in conformity with the pattern ...
S band: (from the article "radar") The ASR-9 system operates at frequencies from 2.7 to 2.9 GHz (within the S band). Its klystron transmitter has a peak power of 1.3 megawatts, a pulse width of 1 microsecond, and an antenna with a horizontal beamwidth of 1.4 ...
S Doradus: variable supergiant star in the Large Magellanic Cloud (the latter is one of two galactic companions to the Milky Way Galaxy). S Doradus (and the Large Magellanic Cloud) is visible to viewers in the Southern Hemisphere in the constellation Dorado. ...
S&H Green Stamps: (from the article "trading stamp") Trading stamps appeared in the United States and Great Britain in the late 19th century. The most popular trading stamp program in the United States, S&H Green Stamps, was sponsored by Sperry & Hutchinson. The company started operations in 1896 ...
S&P 350 Index: (from the article "Economic Affairs") ...Biographies) as German chancellor, and the DAX ended the year up 27.1%. There were substantial returns to investors who braved the EU's political and economic uncertainties. The S&P 350 Index, a broad measure of European stocks, was up 22.7% at ...
S&P 500: in the United States, a stock market index that tracks 500 publicly traded domestic companies. It is considered by many investors to be the best overall measurement of American stock market performance. [2 Related Articles]
S&P/TSX Composite index: (from the article "Economic Affairs") ...Paul Martin's minority Liberal government on November 28 managed to curtail the market's year-end performance. As a broad measure of all issues traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX), the S&P/TSX Composite index climbed 21.92%. The S&P/TSX 60, a basket ...
S&S-Arrow: (from the article "roller coaster") ...the tide when he opened the doors to Disneyland in Anaheim in July 1955 and revitalized the notion of amusement parks. Disney commissioned the Arrow Development Company (later Arrow Dynamics; now S&S-Arrow), led by Ed Morgan and Karl Bacon, to ...
S'ad ad-Dawlah: (from the article "Arghun") In 1289 Arghun appointed an anti-Islamic Jew, Sa'd ad-Dawlah, first as his minister of finance and then (in June) as vizier of his entire empire. The predominantly Muslim population may have resented the rule of a Buddhist and a Jew, ...
S'adad-Din: (from the article "Ifat") ...dominion extended eastward to the port of Zeila.) Thereafter Ifat was continually in revolt against Ethiopia. It was finally destroyed in 1415, when its last attempt at independence under Sultan S'adad-Din was foiled by Yeshaq I of Ethiopia, who subsequently ...
S-2: (from the article "rocket and missile system") The French deployed the first of their solid-fueled S-2 missiles in 1971. These two-stage IRBMs carried a 150-kiloton warhead and had a range of 1,800 miles. The S-3, deployed in 1980, could carry a one-megaton warhead to a range of ...
S-3: (from the article "rocket and missile system") The French deployed the first of their solid-fueled S-2 missiles in 1971. These two-stage IRBMs carried a 150-kiloton warhead and had a range of 1,800 miles. The S-3, deployed in 1980, could carry a one-megaton warhead to a range of ...
S-37: (from the article "Sukhoy") ...Its Su-34 fighter-bomber began replacing the Su-24, while the redesigned Su-39 ground-attack aircraft began substituting for its older Su-25 variant. Its fifth-generation, multirole, all-weather S-37 Berkut air-superiority fighter, first flown in 1997, was equipped with state-of-the-art electronics, forward-swept wings, and ...
S-adenosyl methionine: (from the article "organosulfur compound") ...The first known optically active sulfur compounds were sulfonium salts, prepared in 1900. A number of sulfonium salts occur in nature; some examples include S-adenosyl methionine, a key biological source of the methyl group; thetin or 3-dimethylsulfonium propanoate,...
S-Bahn: (from the article "Berlin") Modern rapid transit systems have existed since the 19th century. Construction of the Stadt- or Schnellbahn (S-Bahn), a largely elevated and partly underground railway system, began in 1871, and building of the subway, or Untergrundbahn (U-Bahn), was initiated in 1897. ...
s-block element: (from the article "organometallic compound") The metal in main-group organometallic compounds can be any of the elements in the s block (i.e., groups 1 and 2) or any of the heavier elements in groups 13 through 15. (Groups 13-18 constitute the p block.) The elements ...
S-class asteroid: (from the article "Asteroid taxonomic classes") ...a close flyby was Gaspra, which was observed in October 1991 by the Galileo spacecraft en route to Jupiter. Galileo's images, taken from a distance of about 5,000 km, established that Gaspra, an S-class asteroid, is an irregular body with ...
s-Hertogenbosch: gemeente (municipality), south-central Netherlands. It is situated where the Dommel and Aa rivers join to form the Dieze and lies along the Zuidwillemsvaart (canal). [1 Related Articles]
s-orbital: (from the article "chemical bonding") As noted above, a subshell with quantum number l consists of 2l + 1 individual orbitals. Thus, an s subshell (l = 0) consists of a single orbital, which is called an s orbital; a p subshell (l = 1) ...
S-potential: (from the article "eye, human") ...manners, transmit their effects to bipolar and horizontal cells. The latter neurons have been studied from the point of view of their colour-coding. The potentials recorded from them were called S-potentials; these were of two types, which classified them as ...
s-process: (from the article "chemical element") ...elements, have been produced by successive capture of neutrons. Two processes of neutron capture may be distinguished: the r -process, rapid neutron capture; and the s -process, slow neutron capture. If neutrons are added to a stable nucleus, it is ...
s-surface: (from the article "metamorphic rock") The most obvious features of metamorphic rocks are certain planar features that are often termed s-surfaces. The simplest planar features may be primary bedding(akin to the layering in sedimentary rocks). As the rock crystallizes or recrystallizes under directed pressure, new ...
S-tank: (from the article "tank") The same 105-millimetre gun was adopted for the Pz. 61 and Pz. 68 tanks produced in Switzerland, the West German Leopard 1, the Swedish S-tank, the Japanese Type 74, and the Mark 1 and 2 versions of the Israeli Merkava. ...
S-twist: (from the article "twisting") ...fibres or yarns together in a continuous strand, accomplished in spinning or playing operations. The direction of the twist may be to the right, described as Z twist, or to the left, described as S twist.types of yarn
S-type granite: (from the article "granite") ...protoliths (source rocks). These result in I-type granitoids, derived from igneous protoliths and containing moderate amounts of Al₂O₃ and high amounts of Na₂O, and S-type granitoids, derived from sedimentary protoliths and containing high amounts of Al₂O₃ and relatively low amounts ...
S-type star: (from the article "stellar classification") Supplementary classes of cool stars include R and N (often called C-type, or carbon stars: less than 3,000 K), and S, which resemble class M stars but have spectral bands of zirconium oxide prominent instead of those of titanium oxide.
S.6B: (from the article "military aircraft") ...it could demonstrate its potential. Nevertheless, it was the progenitor of a series of monoplanes that won the trophy three times, giving Britain permanent possession in 1931. The last of these, the S.6B, powered by a liquid-cooled Rolls-Royce racing engine ...
S.C. Johnson & Son: (from the article "Wright, Frank Lloyd") ...publicity from 1936 to the present. Probably Wright's most-admired work, it was later given to the state and was opened to visitors. The second important commission was the administrative centre for S.C. Johnson, wax manufacturers, at Racine, Wisconsin. Here Wright ...
S0 galaxy: (from the article "galaxy") These systems exhibit some of the properties of both the ellipticals and the spirals and seem to be a bridge between these two more common galaxy types. Hubble introduced the S0 class long after his original classification scheme had been ...
S4: (from the article "applied logic") ...developed by the conceptual pragmatist C.I. Lewis (1883-1964), primary author of Symbolic Logic (1932), the foundational work in this field. Of these systems, that known as S4 includes all of the system M but adds also the ...
S5: (from the article "applied logic") ...'Necessarily p' implies 'It is necessary that necessarily p' "-i.e., Lp ⊃ LLp-whereas that known as S5 adds still another axiom, that " 'Possibly p' implies 'It is necessary that possibly p' "-i.e., Mp ...
SA: in the German Nazi Party, a paramilitary organization whose methods of violent intimidation played a key role in Adolf Hitler's rise to power. [7 Related Articles]
Sa de Miranda, Francisco de: Portuguese poet who introduced Renaissance poetic forms to Portugal. [2 Related Articles]
Sa Dec: town on the Mekong River delta, southern Vietnam. It is a river port, agricultural trading centre, and transshipment point for small craft on the left bank of the shallow Bassac River (Song Han Giang), 88 miles (140 km) southwest of ...
Sa galaxy: (from the article "galaxy") These normal spirals have narrow, tightly wound arms, which usually are visible because of the presence of interstellar dust and, in many cases, bright stars. Most of them have a large, amorphous bulge in the centre, but there are some ...
Sa'adah, Antun: Syrian political agitator who sought to unify Syria with neighbouring areas that he considered really parts of Syria.
Sa'adi: (from the article "Egypt") The inhabitants of the Western Desert, outside the oases, are of mixed Arab and Amazigh (Berber) descent. They are divided into two groups, the Sa'adi (not to be confused with the Sa'idi, Upper Egyptians) and the Murabitin. The Sa'adi regard ...
Sa'adia ben Joseph: Jewish exegete, philosopher, and polemicist whose influence on Jewish literary and communal activities made him one of the most important Jewish scholars of his time. His unique qualities became especially apparent in 921 in Babylonia during a dispute over Jewish ... [9 Related Articles]
Sa'd ad-Din Ibrahim: On May 21, 2001, less than two hours after the defense lawyers had completed their summation, Egypt's High Security Court found Sa'd ad-Din Ibrahim, a respected university professor, guilty of having accepted money from overseas without government approval, embezzled grant ...
Sa'd ebn Zangi: (from the article "Iran") ...Zangi (reigned 1231-60), whom he mentions by name in his Bustan ("The Orchard"), a book of ethics in verse. Abu Bakr's father, Sa'd, for whom Sa'di took his pen name, conferred great prosperity on Shiraz.
Sa'd ibn Mu'adh: (from the article "Muhammad") ...complicit with the enemy during the Battle of the Ditch, Muhammad turned against them. The Qurayzah men were separated from the tribe's women and children and ordered by the Muslim general Sa'd ibn Mu'adh to be put to death; the ...
Sa'dabad Pact: (from the article "Iraq") ...countries were settled, including one over the boundary with Syria, which was concluded in Iraq's favour; Iraq thereafter possessed the Sinjar Mountains. A nonaggression pact, called the Sa'dabad Pact, between Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, and Iraq was signed in 1937. In ...
Sa'dah: town, northwestern Yemen, in the mountainous Yemen Highlands. It was the original capital of the Zaydi dynasty of imams (religious-political leaders) of Yemen (AD 860-1962). The effective founder of Sa'dah as a base of Zaydi power was Imam Yahya al-Hadi ...
Sa'dawi, Nawal al-: (from the article "Literature") ...approach of his retirement. The book escaped banality not only because of its reflection on universal themes but also because of the style of the five-volume work. In her usual polemical style, Nawal al-Sa'dawi authored Al-Riwayah ("The Novel"), a story-within-a-story ...
Sa'di: Persian poet, one of the greatest figures in classical Persian literature. [4 Related Articles]
Sa'di dynasty: (from the article "western Africa, history of") ...to the Moroccan borders. This upset the balance of trans-Saharan trade, as Ghana's attempt to control the Sanhajah had done, and in 1591 finally provoked effective retaliation from the Sa'di dynasty of Morocco. An expeditionary force of some 4,000 soldiers ...
Sa'diyah: (from the article "Rifa'iyah") The Syrian branch of the order, the Sa'diyah (or Jibawiyah), was given its form by Sa'd ad-Din al-Jibawi in Damascus sometime in the 14th century. Among the Sa'diyah, ecstasy was induced by physical motion-whirling around on the right heel-and the ...
Sa'dullah Khan: (from the article "India") ...nawabs (deputies) of the Balaghat, or northern Karnataka (such as 'Abd al-Rasul Khan of Sira), but there were also far more substantial men, such as the Nizam al-Mulk and Sa'd Allah Khan at Arcot. The Nizam al-Mulk had consolidated his ...
Sa'ib: Persian poet, one of the greatest masters of a form of classical Arabic and Persian lyric poetry characterized by rhymed couplets and known as the ghazel. [2 Related Articles]
Sa'ib Khathir: (from the article "Islamic arts") ...musician Jamila, around whom clustered musicians, poets, and dignitaries; the male musician Tuways, who, attracted by the melodies sung by Persian slaves, imitated their style; and Sa'ib Khathir, the son of a Persian slave. Songs were generally accompanied by the ...
Sa'id: (from the article "Najahid Dynasty") Two of Najah's sons, Sa'id and Jayyash, who had fled the capital, plotted to restore themselves to the Najahid throne and in 1081 killed 'Ali. Sa'id, supported by the large Ethiopian Mamluk population, easily secured control of Zabid. 'Ali's son ...