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- (from the article "computer programming language") COBOL uses an English-like notation-novel when introduced. Business computations organize and manipulate large quantities of data, and COBOL introduced the record data structure for such tasks. A record clusters heterogeneous data such as a name, ID number, age, and address ...
- record producer
- (from the article "Independent record labels and producers") From 1946 to 1958 the American music business was turned upside down by a group of mavericks who knew little about music but were fast learners about business. What they discovered was an expanding "market" of clubs and bars in ...
- Recordak system
- (from the article "microform") The earliest large-scale commercial use of greatly reduced-size copying onto narrow rolls of film (microfilm) resulted from the introduction of the Recordak system by the Eastman Kodak Company in 1928. Continuous, automatic cameras photographed documents on 16-millimetre film, and the ...
- recordation
- (from the article "property law") In the example of the watch, the distinction between contract and conveyance became important as soon as the rights of a third person became involved. But from the point of view of the third party, any one of the three ...
- Recorde, Robert
- physician, mathematician, and author of introductory mathematics textbooks.
- Recorded Minister
- (from the article "Friends, Society of") Though Friends have no ordination, they have always given a special place to Recorded Ministers (or Public Friends). Recorded Ministers are those whose testimony in local meetings has been officially recognized; they are free to "travel in the ministry" by ...
- recorder
- in Anglo-American judicial systems, an officer appointed by a city, county, or other administrative unit to keep legal records. In England and Wales the recorder, in the course of time, came to be a locality's chief legal officer and sole ...
- recorder
- in music, wind instrument of the fipple, or whistle, flute class, closely related to the flageolet. Most recorders made since their revival in 1919 by the English instrument maker Arnold Dolmetsch follow the early 18th-century Baroque design: the cylindrical head ... [3 Related Articles]
- recording gauge
- (from the article "gauging station") ...and the like. Among the measuring devices used are a staff gauge, which is a graduated scale anchored in the water and read by observing the level of the water surface in contact with it; and a recording gauge, which ...
- recording industry
- (from the article "rock") ...Europe in the '60s, and by the '90s its impact was obvious globally (if in many different local guises). Rock's commercial importance was by then reflected in the organization of the multinational recording industry, in the sales racks of international ...
- Recording Industry Association of America
- (from the article "Computers and Information Systems") Online music piracy continued unabated, even though the Russian Web site AllofMP3.com-a particularly egregious offender in the view of the music industry-was shut down. The Web site had sold albums for as little as $1, about one-tenth the standard online ...
- recovery
- (from the article "spaceflight") Reentry refers to the return of a spacecraft into Earth's atmosphere. The blanket of relatively dense gas surrounding Earth is useful as a braking, or retarding, force resulting from aerodynamic drag. A concomitant effect, however, is the severe heating caused ...
- recreation
- (from the article "African dance") Dance is the most popular form of recreation in Africa. In towns, men and women of all ages meet informally in dance clubs to dance to the rhythms of popular musicians. In villages there may be opportunities in the evenings ...
- recreational architecture
- (from the article "architecture") Few recreations require architecture until they become institutionalized and must provide for both active and passive participation (athletic events, dramatic, musical performances, etc.) or for communal participation in essentially private luxuries (baths, museums, libraries). Throughout history, recreational architecture has been ...
- recreational vehicle
- (from the article "camping") ...from primitive to motorized, continue to grow in popularity, particularly in the United States, Canada, and western Europe. Much of this growth is the result of the proliferation of campsites for recreational vehicles (RVs). In particular, many public and commercial ...
- recrudescence
- (from the article "testis") ...young, sexually immature males. Frequently in these animals the testes are drawn back into the body cavity except in the breeding season, when they again descend and mature; this process is known as recrudescence.
- Recruit
- (from the article "Takeshita Noboru") ...obtained the passage of a new national sales tax. In April 1988 he publicly disclosed that he and several aides had been among those politicians who had received stocks, donations, and loans from Recruit, a Japanese telecommunications firm that had ...
- recruiting reflex
- (from the article "nervous system, human") Although a reflex response is said to be rapid and immediate, some reflexes, called recruiting reflexes, can hardly be evoked by a single stimulus. Instead, they require increasing stimulation to induce a response. The reflex contraction of the bladder, for ...
- recruitment
- (from the article "ear, human") ...not be heard at all by the ear with a sensorineural impairment, more intense sounds may be as loud as they are to a healthy ear. This rapid increase in loudness above the threshold level is called recruitment. When the ...
- recruitment
- (from the article "guerrilla warfare") Such are the vicissitudes of guerrilla warfare that outstanding leadership is necessary at all levels if a guerrilla force is to survive and prosper. A leader must not only be endowed with intelligence and courage but must be buttressed by ...
- recrystallization
- (from the article "glacier") any large mass of perennial ice that originates on land by the recrystallization of snow or other forms of solid precipitation and that shows evidence of past or present flow.iceiceMechanical ...
- recrystallization
- (from the article "metamorphic rock") The word metamorphism is taken from the Greek for "change of form"; metamorphic rocks are derived from igneous or sedimentary rocksthat have altered their form (recrystallized) as a result of changes in their physical environment. Metamorphism comprises changes both in ...
- rectal ampulla
- (from the article "digestive system, human") ...of the sigmoid colon, begins in front of the midsacrum (the sacrum is the triangular bone near the base of the spine and between the two hipbones). It ends in a dilated portion called the rectal ampulla, which in front ...
- rectal valve
- (from the article "digestive system, human") Two to three large crescentlike folds known as rectal valves are located in the rectal ampulla. These valves are caused by an invagination, or infolding, of the circular muscle and submucosa. The columnar epithelium of the rectal mucosa, innervated by ...
- rectangle
- (from the article "mathematics") ...between the values a and b, Cauchy went back to the primitive idea of the integral as the measure of the area under the graph of the function. He approximated this area by rectangles and said that, if the sum ...
- rectangular coordinates
- (from the article "reference frame") ...The position of a point moving parallel to a plane (plane motion) can be described by two numbers: (1) either the distances of the point from two lines at right angles to one another on the plane (rectangular coordinates), or ...
- rectification
- (from the article "quadrature") ...the limit (as the divisions become ever finer) of the sum of these areas. When this process is performed with solid figures to find volume, the process is called cubature. A similar process called rectification is used in determining the ...
- Rectification Campaign
- (from the article "Mao Zedong") ...of them enjoyed. He could and did claim, however, to know and understand China. The differences between him and the Soviet-oriented faction in the party came to a head at the time of the so-called Rectification Campaign of 1942-43. This ...
- rectification of names
- (from the article "Confucianism") The social vision, contained in the Liji, shows society not as an adversarial system based on contractual relationships but as a community of trust with emphasis on communication. Society organized by the four functional occupations-the scholar, farmer, artisan, and merchant-is, ...
- rectification still
- (from the article "distilled spirit") Rectification is the process of purifying alcohol by repeatedly or fractionally distilling it to remove water and undesirable compounds. As mentioned above, a fermentation mixture primarily contains water and ethyl alcohol and distillation involves increasing the percentage of ethyl alcohol ...
- rectifier
- device that converts alternating electric current into direct current. It may be an electron tube (either a vacuum or a gaseous type), vibrator, solid-state device, or mechanical device. Direct current is necessary for the operation of many devices such as ... [9 Related Articles]
- rectilinear figure
- (from the article "mathematics") ...solids-known as the Platonic solids-in a given sphere (compare the constructions of plane figures in Book IV). The measurement of curved figures in Book XII is inferred from that of rectilinear figures; for a particular curved figure, a sequence of ...
- rectilinear locomotion
- (from the article "locomotion") Unlike the three preceding patterns of movement, in which the body is thrown into a series of curves, in rectilinear locomotion in snakes the body is held relatively straight and glides forward in a manner analogous to the pedal locomotion ...
- Recto, Claro Mayo
- statesman and leader of the "Filipino-first" movement that attacked U.S. "neo-colonialism" in the Philippines.
- rectocele
- disorder in which the rectum bulges into the back wall of the vagina. It is caused when the muscles and connective tissues supporting the rectum and back wall of the vagina are weakened, usually due to repeated childbirth or to ... [1 Related Articles]
- Rector's Palace
- (from the article "Dubrovnik") ...narrow streets, many of them steep and twisting. Two 14th-century convents stand at the ends of the city; the Franciscans guarded the western gate, while the Dominicans kept the eastern. The Rector's Palace, dating from the 15th century and built ...
- rectorite
- (from the article "clay mineral") .... . . -type structure, where A and B represent two component layers. There are several minerals that are known to have structures of this type-i.e., rectorite (dioctahedral mica/montmorillonite), tosudite (dioctahedral chlorite/smectite), corrensite (trioctahedral vermiculite/chlorite), hydrobiotite (trioctahedral mica/vermiculite), aliettite...
- rectum
- terminal segment of the digestive system in which feces accumulate just prior to discharge. The rectum is continuous with the sigmoid colon and extends 13 to 15 cm (5 to 6 inches) to the anus. A muscular sheet called the ... [8 Related Articles]
- rectus abdominis muscle
- (from the article "abdominal muscle") ...layers extend between the vertebral column behind, the lower ribs above, and the iliac crest and pubis of the hip bone below. Their fibres all merge toward the midline, where they surround the rectus abdominis in a sheath before they ...
- rectus muscle
- (from the article "space perception") When one looks at an object at a distance, the effort arouses activity in two eye-muscle systems called the ciliary muscles and the rectus muscles. The ciliary effect is called accommodation (focusing the lens for near or far vision), and ...
- Recuay
- pre-Columbian culture and site near present-day Recuay in the Callejon de Huaylas Valley of the northern highlands of Peru. Recuay culture dates to the Early Intermediate Period (c. 200 BC-AD 600) and was contemporaneous with the Moche culture of the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Recuerda, Jose Martin
- (from the article "Spanish literature") ...work recalls Valle-Inclan's esperpento manner and German playwright Bertolt Brecht's epic theatre. Other exponents of social-protest theater include Jose Martin Recuerda, whose subject matter is hypocrisy, cruelty, and repression in Andalusian towns and villages, and Jose Maria ...
- Reculet, Le
- (from the article "Jura Mountains") ...Switzerland, but a good part of the western sector lies in France. The highest peaks of the Jura are in the south, in the Geneva area, and include Cret de la Neige (5,636 feet [1,718 m]) and Le Reculet (5,633 ...
- recumbent bicycle
- (from the article "bicycle") ...several other variants of the standard bicycle. Recumbent frames allow the rider to sit low to the ground in a slightly reclined position, with the legs driving cranks attached to a horizontal tube. Recumbents are often recommended for riders who ...
- recumbent fold
- (from the article "fold") ...fold (Figure 2) is one in which the axial plane is inclined. An overturned fold, or overfold, has the axial plane inclined to such an extent that the strata on one limb are overturned (Figure 2). A recumbent fold has ...
- recumbent frame
- (from the article "bicycle") There are several other variants of the standard bicycle. Recumbent frames allow the rider to sit low to the ground in a slightly reclined position, with the legs driving cranks attached to a horizontal tube. Recumbents are often recommended for ...
- recuperative furnace
- (from the article "industrial glass") Another type of furnace is the recuperative furnace, in which the flue gases continuously exchange heat with the incoming combustible mixture through metal or ceramic partitions. Yet another means of improving combustion efficiency is to use oxygen-rich air or even ...
- recurrence interval
- (from the article "hydrologic sciences") ...or over a catchment area. The frequency at which a rainfall of a certain volume occurs within a certain period is also important to hydrologic analysis. The assessment of this frequency, or the recurrence interval of the rainfall from the ...
- recurrence relation
- (from the article "combinatorics") If fn is a function defined on the positive integers, then a relation that expresses fn+k as a linear combination of function values of integer index less than n + k, in which a fixed constant in the linear combination ...
- recurrent abortion
- (from the article "pregnancy") ...the uterus for eight weeks or longer, the condition is referred to as a missed abortion. Women who lose three or more consecutive pregnancies of less than 20 weeks' duration are said to suffer from recurrent abortion. An infected abortion ...
- recurring digital invariant
- (from the article "number game") ...or integer, that is the sum of the nth powers of its digits (e.g., 153 = 13 + 53 + 33) is called a perfect digital invariant. On the other hand, a recurring digital invariant is illustrated by:
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