(from the article "Moyle") district, Northern Ireland. Formerly within County Antrim, in 1973 Moyle was established as a district along the northern coast of Ireland and includes Rathlin Island, Northern Ireland's only populated island. The district has 42 miles (68 km) of bays, headlands, ...
(from the article "gastropod") ...of right side; sole of foot narrow; no shell; 2 pairs of retractile, or invaginable, tentacles; marine (Onchidiidae), terrestrial and herbivorous (Veronicellidae), or terrestrial and carnivorous (Rathouisiidae); about 200 species.Mantle cavity present; eyes at base of 1 pair of ...
(from the article "coneflower") Plants of the genus Ratibida have yellow ray flowers, brownish disk flowers, and segmented leaves. Prairie coneflower (Ratibida columnaris) and R. pinnata are grown in wildflower gardens. The third genus, Rudbeckia, has about 25 annual, biennial, and perennial species with ...
(from the article "diplomacy") ...negotiated under the auspices of international entities or a conference of states. The UN and its agencies negotiate many conventions, as does the Council of Europe. Treaties and conventions require ratification, an executive act of final approval. In democratic countries ...
(from the article "insurance") In order to obtain broader and statistically sounder rates, insurers often pool loss and claims experience by setting up rating bureaus to calculate rates based on industrywide experience. They may have an agreement that all member companies must use the ...
in yacht racing, rule used to classify sailing yachts of different designs to enable them to compete on relatively equal terms. The competition may be either among yachts in a particular rating class or on a handicap basis, with the ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "personality assessment") The rating scale is one of the oldest and most versatile of assessment techniques. Rating scales present users with an item and ask them to select from a number of choices. The rating scale is similar in some respects to ...
(from the article "mathematics") ..."mechanical" curves generated by kinematic processes. The Archimedean spiral, for example, was generated by a point moving on a line as the line rotated uniformly about the origin. The ratio of the circumference to the diameter did not permit exact ...
(from the article "psychological testing") ...of odours), it constitutes an ordinal scale. An interval scale has equal units and an arbitrarily assigned zero point; one such scale, for example, is the Fahrenheit temperature scale. Ratio scales not only provide equal units but also have absolute ...
(from the article "infinite series") ...series, then a1 + a2 +⋯ also converges. When the comparison test is applied to a geometric series, it is reformulated slightly and called the ratio test: if an > 0 and if an + 1/an ≤ r for some r < 1 for every...
(from the article "political science") The dominant school of thought in political science in the late 20th century was rational choice theory. For rational choice theorists, history and culture are irrelevant to understanding political behaviour; instead, it is sufficient to know the actors' interests and ...
(from the article "business cycle") In the early 1970s the American economist Robert Lucas developed what came to be known as the "Lucas critique" of both monetarist and Keynesian theories of the business cycle. Building on rational expectations concepts introduced by the American economist John ...
(from the article "algebra, elementary") By extending the operations on polynomials to include division, or ratios of polynomials, one obtains the rational functions. Examples of such rational functions are 2/3x and (a + bx2)/(c + dx2 + ex5). Working with rational functions allows one to introduce the...
(from the article "urban planning") ...other. Developments in other disciplines, particularly management science and operations research, influenced academic planners who sought to elaborate a universal method-also known as "the rational model"-whereby experts would evaluate alternatives in relation to a specified set of goals and then ...
(from the article "mathematics") ...all real numbers came to occupy him more and more. He began to discover unexpected properties of sets. For example, he could show that the set of all algebraic numbers, and a fortiori the set of all rational numbers, is ...
(from the article "consumption") In their studies of consumption, economists generally draw upon a common theoretical framework by assuming that consumers base their expenditures on a rational and informed assessment of their current and future economic circumstances. This "rational optimization" assumption is untestable, however, ...
(from the article "nature, philosophy of") ...fact but a hypothetical theory that takes into account the newer theory's strengths-something the Hungarian-born British philosopher Imre Lakatos (1922-74) called a "rational reconstruction."
(from the article "Miura Baien") Japanese economist and Confucianist philosopher during the Tokugawa period (1603-1867). He formulated the jorigaku ("rationalist studies") doctrine, which was a precursor to modern scientific and philosophical thought in Japan.JapanWestern studies...of ...
(from the article "Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft") The Gesellschaft, in contrast, is the creation of Kurwille (rational will) and is typified by modern, cosmopolitan societies with their government bureaucracies and large industrial organizations. In the Gesellschaft, rational self-interest and calculating conduct act to weaken ...
(from the article "therapeutics") Several types of behavioral therapy are used. Rational emotive therapy aims at altering inaccurate or irrational thoughts that lead to negative emotions or maladaptive behaviour. Other behavioral approaches attempt to modify physical responses. Biofeedback, for example, uses sensitive electronic devices ...
the philosophical view that regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge. Holding that reality itself has an inherently logical structure, the Rationalist asserts that a class of truths exists that the intellect can grasp directly. There are, ... [32 Related Articles]
(from the article "defense mechanism") 7. Rationalization is the substitution of a safe and reasonable explanation for the true (but threatening) cause of behaviour.theories of FreuddreamPsychoanalytic interpretations...dream at all. Freud further observed a process called ...
(from the article "organizational analysis") ..."rational-legal" authority, observing that rights of control increasingly derived from expertise rather than lineage. He documented the ways in which this development, which he called rationalization, underlay the rise of the modern state bureaucracy. According to Weber, organizations were able ...
government policy consisting of the planned and restrictive allocation of scarce resources and consumer goods, usually practiced during times of war, famine, or some other national emergency. [3 Related Articles]
any bird whose sternum (breastbone) is smooth, or raftlike, because it lacks a keel to which flight muscles could be anchored. All species of ratites are thus unable to fly. They are a peculiar and puzzling group, with anatomic anomalies. ... [1 Related Articles]
German educational reformer, especially in the teaching of languages, whose pioneering achievements laid the groundwork for the work of Comenius. [1 Related Articles]
town, western Madhya Pradesh state, central India. Ratlam is a major rail junction, an agricultural trade centre, and a major industrial town. It is heavily engaged in cotton, silk, sugar, and oilseed milling, handloom weaving, and the manufacture of pottery, ...
(from the article "Performing Arts") ...time was still apparent when it reached London. The Bolshoi revived its own well-known production of the same ballet, made by Yury Grigorovich in 1982, and the troupe also featured director Aleksey Ratmansky's recent The Bright Stream both at home ...
town, southwestern Maharashtra state, western India, on the Arabian Sea coast. The town became an administrative capital under the Bijapur rulers. In 1731 it came under the control of Satara kings, and in 1818 it was surrendered to the British. ...
town, southwestern Sri Lanka (Ceylon). It is situated southeast of Colombo, on the Kalu Ganga (river). Dominating the town is a hill on which the Portuguese built a fort. Ratnapura (Sinhalese: "city of gems") is Sri Lanka's chief source of ...
(from the article "Ratnasambhava") in Mahayana Buddhism, one of the five "self-born" Buddhas. See Dhyani-Buddha.ILLUSTRATIONRatnasambhava, the Dhyani Buddha of the south, surrounded by the eight mahabodhis
(from the article "Jainism") ...or liberation. Yoga is the cultivation of true knowledge of reality, faith in the teachings of the Tirthankaras, and pure conduct; it is thus intimately connected to the Three Jewels (ratnatraya) of right knowledge, right faith, and ...
city, seat (1897) of Colfax county, northeastern New Mexico, U.S. It lies at the southern end of Raton Pass (7,834 feet [2,388 metres] above sea level) in the Sangre de Cristo Range, near the Colorado state line. Located on the ...
(from the article "sugarcane") Another method of cane propagation is by ratooning, in which, when the cane is harvested, a portion of stalk is left underground to give rise to a succeeding growth of cane, the ratoon or stubble crop. The ratooning process is ...
theologian, priest, and monk at the Benedictine abbey of Corbie whose important 9th-century work provoked the eucharistic controversy and was posthumously condemned.
(from the article "Madagascar") In the wake of political and social unrest, on Feb. 5, 1975, Ramanantsoa handed power over to a former minister of the interior, Col. Richard Ratsimandrava. He assumed the titles of president and prime minister but was assassinated six days ...
(from the article "Betsimisaraka") The Betsimisaraka kingdom was founded in the early 18th century by Ratsimilaho. He united the various chiefdoms along a 400-mile (650-kilometre) stretch of the coast and gave the Betsimisaraka their name, but the kingdom collapsed on the death of the ...
(from the article "Madagascar") ...He assumed the titles of president and prime minister but was assassinated six days later. A military directorate was then established; it dissolved on June 15, after naming Lieut. Comdr. Didier Ratsiraka president and head of the Revolutionary Council. A ...
Piedmontese lawyer and statesman who held many important cabinet positions in the early years of the Italian Republic, including that of prime minister; his ambiguous policies brought him into conflict with the Italian hero Giuseppe Garibaldi and ultimately caused his ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Hameln") ...Children's Crusade. There is a ratcatcher collection in the local history museum, and there are ratcatcher inscriptions on two of the town's many notable half-timbered Renaissance houses, the Rattenfangerhaus ("Ratcatcher's House") and the Hochzeitshaus ("Wedding House"). Pop. (2003 est.) 58,902.
percussion instrument consisting of resonant objects strung together and set in a sliding frame or enclosed in a container such that when it is shaken the parts strike against each other, producing sounds. In many societies, rattles are associated with ... [5 Related Articles]
(from the article "percussion instrument") ...and in Japan thundering drums were even automated by attaching a number of them to the outer circumference of a wheel that, when revolved, caused them to rattle-an early application of the rattle drum principle. As in Africa and the ...
(from the article "Performing Arts") In a unique attempt to keep new pieces in the repertoire, conductor Sir Simon Rattle announced that he would be the patron of the Encore project, in which works that had recently received their premieres but had since gone unperformed ...
any of 33 species of venomous New World vipers characterized by a segmented rattle at the tip of the tail that produces a buzzing sound when vibrated. Rattlesnakes are found from southern Canada to central Argentina but are most abundant ... [5 Related Articles]
(from the article "Bizzozero, Giulio") ...the surgeon who perfected the operation for inguinal hernia (Bassini's operation); Carlo Forlanini, who introduced therapeutic pneumothorax in treating pulmonary tuberculosis; and Antonio Carle and Giorgio Rattone, who demonstrated the transmissibility of tetanus.
(from the article "rat") ...the distributions of four other species (R. argentiventer, R. nitidus, R. exulans, and R. tanezumi) extend outside continental Southeast Asia, from the Sunda Shelf to New Guinea and ...
(from the article "Ice Hockey") ...with 14 points in the tournament, a record for a Canadian woman, and was named the MVP as well as top forward. American Molly Engstrom was designated the top defender at the championship, while Noora Raty of Finland was selected ...
German geographer and ethnographer and a principal influence in the modern development of both disciplines. He originated the concept of Lebensraum, or "living space," which relates human groups to the spatial units where they develop. Though Ratzel pointed out the ... [4 Related Articles]
Austrian soldier, military jurist, and sociologist, a Social Darwinist who conceived of society as a universe of conflicting ethnic groups, and who thought that sociology could guide the human species into higher forms of association.
