| | - National Herbarium
- (from the article "Hitchcock, Albert Spear") In 1901 he joined the U.S. Department of Agriculture and began his worldwide travels to collect grass samples for the National Herbarium in Washington, D.C. He increased its collection of grasses to one of the largest and most complete in ...
- National Herbarium of New South Wales
- (from the article "Royal Botanic Gardens") ...the woody ones, and hence, its collections of Australian trees are extensive. Many exotic varieties, however, have also been planted. Other specialties are palms, cycads, ferns, and orchids. The National Herbarium of New South Wales, situated at the garden, contains ...
- National Heritage Fellowship Award
- (from the article "National Endowment for the Arts") ...projects: for example, to an author for writing a novel or to a jazz musician for composing an extended work. The endowment has especially encouraged culturally diverse American arts, providing National Heritage Fellowship Awards to, for example, folk and blues ...
- National Hispanic Heritage Month
- month (September 15-October 15) in which the people of the United States honour the achievements of Hispanics. The celebration was first authorized in 1968, when the U.S. Congress adopted a resolution asking the president of the United States annually to ...
- National Hockey Association
- (from the article "ice hockey") The National Hockey Association (NHA), the forerunner of the National Hockey League (NHL), was organized in 1910 and became the strongest hockey association in North America. Rising interest in the game created problems, however, for there were few artificial-ice rinks. ...
- National Hockey League
- organization of professional ice hockey teams in North America, formed in 1917 by five Canadian teams, to which the first U.S. team, the Boston Bruins, was added in 1924. The NHL became the strongest league in North America and in ... [7 Related Articles]
- National Horse Show
- (from the article "horsemanship") The National Horse Show at New York, first held in 1883, is another great yearly event. Held at Madison Square Garden, it lasts several days and includes about 10 different events. Among the most important are the international jumping under ...
- National Hot Rod Association
- (from the article "drag racing") ...urged various local hot rod clubs to join together with the SCTA in a larger national organization to promote safety and sanctioned racing meets. In 1951 he became the first president of the National Hot Rod Association (NHRA), now in ...
- National Human Genome Research Institute
- (from the article "Collins, Francis") In 1993 Collins, by then a full professor, left Michigan to take the post as head of the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) of the NIH, which had begun work on the HGP three years earlier with a stated ...
- National Humane Education Center
- (from the article "Hylton, R. Dale") After briefly serving as interim director of the New Jersey branch of the HSUS, Hylton was appointed in 1967 as program director of the National Humane Education Center (NHEC), the HSUS's new humane-education headquarters and model animal shelter in Waterford, ...
- National Ice Skating Association of Great Britain
- (from the article "figure skating") The National Ice Skating Association of Great Britain (NISA) governs eligible skating in the United Kingdom. Founded in 1879, the association organizes tests for skaters and oversees competitions for figure skating, ice dancing, synchronized team skating, speed skating, and recreational ...
- National Ignition Facility
- (from the article "fusion reactor") As a result of such progress, the National Ignition Facility, a laser fusion experiment that will achieve ignition, has been constructed in the United States. However, this facility, also located at Livermore, is funded primarily for its application to weapons ...
- National Imagery and Mapping Agency
- (from the article "intelligence") ...and importance have grown with advances in surveillance technology. Its programs are perhaps the most expensive-and useful-sources of intelligence available to the U.S. government. The National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) was created in 1996 under the aegis of the ...
- national income
- (from the article "multiplier") in economics, numerical coefficient showing the effect of a change in total national investment on the amount of total national income. It equals the ratio of the change in total income to the change in investment.
- national income accounting
- a set of principles and methods used to measure the income and production of a country. There are basically two ways of measuring national economic activity: as the money value of the total production of goods and services during a ... [5 Related Articles]
- National Independent Moving Picture Alliance
- (from the article "motion picture, history of the") ...early 1909) and exhibitors (estimated at 2,000 to 2,500); and in January 1909 they formed their own trade association, the Independent Film Protective Association-reorganized that fall as the National Independent Moving Picture Alliance-to provide financial and legal support against the ...
- National Indian Foundation
- (from the article "South America") ...toward improving the conditions of these groups. In Brazil, for example, institutions such as the Protective Service for the Indians (Servico de Protecao do Indio) and the National Indian Foundation (Fundacao Nacional do Indio) were established, although such organizations often ...
- National Industrial Institute
- (from the article "Spain") ...intervention through highly protective tariffs, currency regulation, marketing boards for agriculture, and import controls. There was also a high degree of government ownership, realized through the National Industrial Institute (INI), which was created in 1941 to develop defense-related industries and ...
- National Industrial Recovery Act
- (from the article "organized labour") ...labour movement most required from the state: protection of the rights of workers to organize and engage in collective bargaining. These rights were asserted in principle under Section 7(a) of the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) of 1933 and then ...
- National Institute for Ancient Drama
- (from the article "Italy") ...activity in Italy are the Italian Theatre Board (Ente Teatrale Italiano; ETI), the Institute for Italian Drama (Istituto Dramma Italiano; IDI), concerned with promoting Italian repertory, and the National Institute for Ancient Drama (Istituto Nazionale del Dramma Antico; INDA). In ...
- National Institute for Space Research
- (from the article "Amazon River") ...the early 21st century, advanced satellite-imagery technology was allowing researchers to match the river's dimensions even more precisely. In 2007 an expedition that included members of Brazil's National Institute for Space Research and other organizations traveled to the region of ...
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- (from the article "Bird Flu-The Next Human Pandemic?") ...that two popular antiviral drugs, amantadine (Symmetrel) and rimantadine (Flumadine), do not work against H5N1. Hopes are pinned on two others, oseltamavir (Tamiflu) and zanamavir (Relenza). The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, part of the U.S. National Institutes ...
- National Institute of Culture and History
- (from the article "Belize") Despite the civil unrest, some notable cultural gains were witnessed in Belize in 2005. Aided by support from volunteers and the National Institute of Culture and History (NICH), several groups promoted a revival of interest in poetry, music, dance, and ...
- National Institute of Fine Arts
- (from the article "Mexico") ...throughout the country, including the street dramas and dances that accompany local fiestas. To encourage and help disseminate Mexican art in all its forms, the federal government sponsors the National Institute of Fine Arts. Under its auspices are the programs ...
- National Institute of Mental Health
- (from the article "mental hygiene") In 1946 the passage of the National Mental Health Act in the United States made possible the creation of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) in 1949 within what later became the Department of Health and Human Services. State ...
- National Institute of Standards and Technology
- (from the article "United States Naval Observatory") in Washington, D.C., an official source, with the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST; formerly the National Bureau of Standards), for standard time in the United States. The positional measurement of celestial objects for purposes of timekeeping and ...
- National Institute of Statistics and Censuses
- (from the article "Argentina") ...with GDP increasing by 8%. Optimism regarding the growth rate was tempered by mounting inflationary pressures, however. In January the Kirchner government intervened in the operation of the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INDEC), reportedly manipulating the calculation of ...
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
- (from the article "alcohol consumption") ...from academic and scientific sources. Among major efforts in the United States to bring a scientific orientation to bear on the consideration of alcohol problems has been the founding of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism in 1970. ...
- National Institutes of Health
- agency of the United States government that conducts and supports biomedical research into the causes, cure, and prevention of disease. The NIH is an agency of the Public Health Service of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. It ... [5 Related Articles]
- National Insurance Act
- (from the article "Lloyd George, David") ...Germany (1908), where he studied the Bismarckian scheme of insurance benefits, Lloyd George decided to introduce health and unemployment insurance on a similar basis in Britain. This he did in the National Insurance Act of 1911. The measure inspired bitter ...
- National Insurance Fund
- (from the article "United Kingdom") ...average earnings. Employers collect the contribution, and there is also an employer contribution. Separate arrangements exist for the self-employed. The revenue from contributions goes into the National Insurance Fund.
- National Intelligence Agency
- (from the article "Indonesia") ...human rights activist Munir Said Thalib on a Garuda (the national airline) flight to The Netherlands. After a sluggish start, police investigators charged a Garuda pilot, who was also a part-time National Intelligence Agency (BIN) spy, with involvement in the ...
- National Intelligence Estimate
- (from the article "United States") ...a unanimous resolution tightening international economic sanctions in March-again, with few ascertainable results. In early December U.S. intelligence agencies released a surprise consensus National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) declaring with "high confidence" that Iran had abandoned its pursuit of nuclear weapons ...
- National Intelligence Service
- (from the article "intelligence") ...martial law in the 1980s. In 1994 legislative oversight of the agency was strengthened, and in the following year it moved to a new headquarters complex under new leadership. The agency, renamed the National Intelligence Service in 1999, collects and ...
- National Intercollegiate Rodeo Association
- (from the article "rodeo") ...renamed the Rodeo Cowboys Association (RCA) in 1945 and the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA) in 1975. Its rules became accepted by most rodeos. Amateur rodeo grew in popularity, and the National Intercollegiate Rodeo Association, formed in 1948, has 80 ...
- national interest
- (from the article "international relations") Although there are many variations of realism, all of them make use of the core concepts of national interest and the struggle for power. According to realism, states exist within an anarchic international system in which they are ultimately dependent ...
- National Intergroup, Inc.
- American holding company established in 1983 to facilitate the diversification of National Steel Corporation. Formerly headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pa., NII moved to Dallas, Texas, in 1991, and National Steel moved to Mishawaka, Ind., in 1992.
- national investment
- (from the article "multiplier") in economics, numerical coefficient showing the effect of a change in total national investment on the amount of total national income. It equals the ratio of the change in total income to the change in investment.
- National Invitation Tournament
- collegiate basketball competition initiated in the United States in 1938 by New York City basketball writers and held annually since then in Madison Square Garden under the auspices of the Metropolitan Intercollegiate Basketball Association (MIBA). It is a single-elimination tournament ... [2 Related Articles]
- National Iranian Oil Company
- (from the article "Iran") ...is unquestionably Iran's single most important economic activity and the most valuable in terms of revenue, although natural gas production is increasingly important. The government-operated National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) produces petroleum for export and domestic consumption. Petroleum is moved ...
- National Islamic Front
- (from the article "Sudan, The") The Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) signed in Nairobi on Jan. 9, 2005, by the National Islamic Front (NIF) government and the Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M) was greeted with widespread relief. Under the terms of the CPA, the south gained ...
- National Kidney Foundation
- (from the article "Singapore") A second controversy erupted when a libel suit brought by the National Kidney Foundation (NKF)-Singapore's most successful charity in terms of fund-raising-against the Straits Times newspaper went to court in July. The NKF denied the newspaper's reports of extravagant expenditures ...
- National Labor Relations Board
- independent federal agency created by the U.S. Congress in 1935 to administer the National Labor Relations Act (also called the Wagner Act). The act was amended in 1947 through the Taft-Hartley Act and in 1959 through the Landrum-Griffin Act. [8 Related Articles]
- National Labor Relations Board v. Fansteel Metallurgical Company
- (from the article "North Chicago") ...until the establishment of a wire manufacturing plant in 1891. Other industries soon followed. A strike at a plant in 1937 led to a major U.S. Supreme Court ruling in 1939 (National Labor Relations BoardFansteel Metallurgical Corporation) declaring sit-down strikes ...
- National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation
- (from the article "Hughes, Charles Evans") ...be considered constitutional, and in a letter to the Senate Judiciary Committee, Hughes attacked Roosevelt's plan to reorganize the judiciary. On April 12, 1937, Hughes delivered the opinion in National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation, which ...
- National Labor Union
- in U.S. history, a political-action movement that from 1866 to 1873 sought to improve working conditions through legislative reform rather than through collective bargaining. [1 Related Articles]
- National Laboratory for High Energy Physics
- (from the article "particle accelerator") ...storage rings are sometimes used, in particular if the electrons and positrons are to have different energies. In the PEP-II storage rings at Stanford University and in the KEK-B facility at the National Laboratory for High Energy Physics (KEK) in ...
- national lands
- (from the article "France") ...property-about 10 percent of the land in France-"at the disposition of the nation." This property was designated as biens nationaux, or national lands. The government then issued large-denomination notes called assignats, underwritten and guaranteed by the value ...
- National League
- oldest existing major-league professional baseball organization in the United States. The league began play in 1876 as the National League of Professional Baseball Clubs, replacing the failed National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. The league's supremacy was challenged by ... [7 Related Articles]
- National League for Democracy
- (from the article "Myanmar") ...be vocal critics of the junta and renewed a range of sanctions already in place. Washington led international efforts to force Myanmar to end human rights violations and release the main opposition National League for Democracy (NLD) leader Aung San ...
- National League for Nursing
- (from the article "Nutting, Mary Adelaide") ...L. Dock). She was an early member of the American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses of the United States and Canada (later the National League for Nursing Education; now the National League for Nursing) and twice served ...
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