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Encyclopedias since 1768

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malonic acid ... malting

malonic acid: (HO₂CCH₂CO₂H), a dibasic organic acid whose diethyl ester is used in syntheses of vitamins B₁ and B₆, barbiturates, and numerous other valuable compounds. [1 Related Articles]
malonic ester synthesis: (from the article "carboxylic acid") The series of reactions in the formation of acetic acid derivatives (called the malonic ester synthesis) is feasible because a methylene group connected to two carbonyl groups (as in diethyl malonate) is somewhat more acidic than similar groups connected to ...
malonyl coenzyme A: (from the article "metabolism") ...the fatty acids found in lipids are derived from the acetyl coenzyme A produced by the catabolism of carbohydrates and fatty acids (Figure 2), the molecule first undergoes a carboxylation, forming malonyl coenzyme A, before participating in fatty acid synthesis. ...
malonyl transacylase: (from the article "metabolism") ...acetyl coenzyme A and malonyl coenzyme A. The products of [63a] and [63b] are acetyl-S-ACP, malonyl-S-ACP, and coenzyme A. The enzymes catalyzing [63a] and [63b] are known as acetyl transacylase and malonyl transacylase, respectively. Acetyl-ACP and malonyl-ACP react in a ...
malonyl-S-ACP: (from the article "metabolism") ...is involved in all of the reactions leading to the synthesis of a fatty acid such as palmitic acid from acetyl coenzyme A and malonyl coenzyme A. The products of [63a] and [63b] are acetyl-S-ACP, malonyl-S-ACP, and coenzyme A. The ...
Malopolskie: wojewodztwo (province), southern Poland. It is bounded by the provinces of Swietokrzyskie to the north, Podkarpackie to the east, and Slaskie to the west. The country of Slovakia is located along its southern border. Created in 1999 ...
Malory, Sir Thomas: English writer whose identity remains uncertain but whose name is famous as that of the author of Le Morte Darthur, the first prose account in English of the rise and fall of the legendary king Arthur and the fellowship of ... [4 Related Articles]
Malosa Mountain: (from the article "Zomba Massif") ...and the western wall (4,000 feet [1,200 m]) bounds part of the Shire rift valley. The massif is divided by the deep valley of the Domasi River into two sections-the Zomba Plateau (south) and Malosa Mountain (north). The tabular surface ...
Malot, Hector: (from the article "children's literature") ...occasional fidelity to child nature. Her "Sophie" series (1850s and 60s), frowned on by modern critics, is still loved by obstinate little French girls. Sans Famille (1878), by Hector Malot, a minor classic of the "unhappy child" school, also continues ...
Maloti Mountains: mountain range, northern Lesotho. The term as generally used outside Lesotho refers to a particular range that trends off to the southwest from the Great Escarpment of the Drakensberg Range, which forms the northeastern arc of Lesotho's circumferential boundary with ... [1 Related Articles]
Malouel, Jean: (from the article "Limburg brothers") ...illuminators into a style characterized by subtlety of line, painstaking technique, and minute rendering of detail. The sons of sculptor Arnold van Limburg, they were also the nephews of Jean Malouel, court painter to the duke of Burgundy, and are ...
Malouf, David: Australian poet and novelist of Lebanese and English descent whose work reflects his ethnic background as well as his Queensland childhood and youth. [2 Related Articles]
Malpas Tunnel: (from the article "Midi Canal") ...health. He died eight months before his canal opened in May 1681. In addition to some 100 locks, the project required building numerous bridges, an aqueduct, and the world's first canal tunnel. The Malpas Tunnel was 165 metres (541 feet) ...
Malpeque Bay: arm of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, indenting the northwestern coast of Prince Edward Island, Canada. The inlet, 12 miles (19 km) long and up to 10 miles (16 km) wide, is protected from the ocean by Hog Island. Its ...
Malpighi, Marcello: Italian physician and biologist who, in developing experimental methods to study living things, founded the science of microscopic anatomy. After Malpighi's researches, microscopic anatomy became a prerequisite for advances in the fields of physiology, embryology, and practical medicine. [6 Related Articles]
Malpighia glabra: (from the article "Barbados cherry") common name for various tropical and subtropical trees and shrubs of the genera Bunchiosa and Malpighia (family Malpighiaceae), especially M. glabra, M. punicifolia, and M. urens.
Malpighia punicifolia: (from the article "Barbados cherry") common name for various tropical and subtropical trees and shrubs of the genera Bunchiosa and Malpighia (family Malpighiaceae), especially M. glabra, M. punicifolia, and M. urens.
Malpighia urens: (from the article "Barbados cherry") common name for various tropical and subtropical trees and shrubs of the genera Bunchiosa and Malpighia (family Malpighiaceae), especially M. glabra, M. punicifolia, and M. urens.
Malpighiaceae: (from the article "Malpighiales") Malpighiaceae contains 68 genera and 1,250 species of lianas to trees, which are found throughout the tropics, although especially in the Neotropics, and into the subtropics. Byrsonima (150 species), Malpighia (130 species), Heteropterys (120 species), Stigmaphyllon (100 species), Banisteriopsis (90 ...
Malpighiales: large order of flowering plants that includes 40 families, more than 700 genera, and almost 16,000 species. Many of the families are tropical and poorly known, but well-known members of the order include Salicaceae (willow family), Violaceae (violet family), Passifloraceae ...
malpighian layer: (from the article "skin") ...they move peripherally from the basal layer, where they are continuously formed by mitosis, to the skin surface, where they are lost. In essence, the epidermis consists of a living malpighian layer, in contact with the basement membrane (which is ...
malpighian tubule: in insects, any of the excretory organs that lie in the abdominal body cavity and empty into the junction between midgut and hindgut. In species having few malpighian tubules, they are long and coiled; in species with numerous (up to ... [3 Related Articles]
Malplaquet, Battle of: (Sept. 11, 1709), the duke of Marlborough's last great battle in the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-14). It was fought near the village of Malplaquet (now on the French side of the Franco-Belgian border), about 10 miles (16 km) ... [1 Related Articles]
malpractice: (from the article "health law") Malpractice, or professional negligence, is the failure of a health care provider (for example, a physician, dentist, nurse, or pharmacist) to exercise the ordinary care and skill a reasonably prudent, qualified person would exercise under the same or similar circumstances. ...
malpus: (from the article "Minahasan") ...Class distinctions are no longer significant in community definition; members of a geographical area compose the basic political unit. Internally, the Minahasan are divided into societies, malpus, that provide reciprocal agricultural assistance. The Minahasan cultivate wet and dry rice, corn ...
Malraux, Andre: French novelist, art historian, and statesman, who became an active supporter of General Charles de Gaulle and, after de Gaulle was elected president in 1958, served for 10 years as France's minister of cultural affairs. His major works include the ... [3 Related Articles]
Malsed, Helen Herrick: American toy inventor who created a number of games and toys, most notably toys based on the already popular Slinky, such as the Slinky Dog and the Slinky Train (b. 1910?, Cincinnati, Ohio--d. Nov. 13, 1998, Seattle, Wash.).
malt: grain product that is used in beverages and foods as a basis for fermentation and to add flavour and nutrients. Malt is prepared from cereal grain by allowing partial germination to modify the grain's natural food substances. Although any cereal ... [1 Related Articles]
malt extract: (from the article "malt") Malt extract is produced by mashing malt, removing the solids, and then using an evaporator to concentrate the aqueous fraction. The resulting product is a thick syrup containing sugars, vitamins, and minerals.
malt wine: (from the article "gin") ...geneva, genever, or Schiedam, for a distilling centre near Rotterdam, are made from a mash containing barley malt, fermented to make beer. The beer is distilled, producing spirits called malt wine, with 50-55 percent alcohol content by volume. This product ...
malt worker's lung: (from the article "occupational disease") ...grains, and wood and wood products. Cotton workers and others handling hemp or flax may develop a condition known as byssinosis, similar to asthma. The group of diseases known as farmer's lung, malt worker's lung, bird fancier's lung, and so ...
Malta: island country located in the central Mediterranean Sea. A small but strategically important group of islands, the archipelago has through its long and turbulent history played a vital role in the struggles of a succession of powers for domination of ... [21 Related Articles]
Malta: (from the article "Central Asian arts") ...Baysuntau Range containing the body of a Neanderthal boy aged about nine had been so carefully prepared that it is evident that the people who made his grave believed in an afterlife. The site of Malta, 50 miles (80 kilometres) ...
Malta island: (from the article "Malta") The country comprises five islands-Malta (the largest), Gozo, Comino, and the uninhabited islets of Kemmunett (Comminotto) and Filfla-lying some 58 miles (93 km) south of Sicily, 180 miles (290 km) north of Libya, and about 180 miles (290 km) east ...
Malta, flag of: vertically divided white-red national flag with a George Cross in the upper hoist corner. The flag has a width-to-length ratio of 2 to 3.
Malta, history of: (from the article "Malta") HistoryAmiens TreatyAmiens, Treaty of...France recognized the Republic of the Seven Ionian Islands and agreed to evacuate Naples and the Papal States. The British were to restor
Malta, University of: (from the article "Selected universities and colleges of the world") The University of Malta at Msida and the Malta College of Arts, Science, and Technology (MCAST) are the country's principal institutions of higher education. The former was founded as a Jesuit college in 1592, established as a state institution in ...
Maltacom PLC: (from the article "Malta") ...Maltese liri (1 Maltese lira = about $3), was scheduled to open for business in 2008 and would create some 5,600 jobs by 2016. In May the government approved the sale of its 60% stake in Maltacom PLC to Tecom ...
Maltais, Dominique: (from the article "Skiing") ...in the first Olympic snowboardcross (SBX) competition, but Anderson edged teammate Drew Neilson for the men's World Cup SBX title. Canadian women also went one-two in the SBX World Cup, as Dominique Maltais (who finished third in Turin, behind Switzerland's ...
maltase: enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the disaccharide maltose to the simple sugar glucose. The enzyme is found in plants, bacteria, and yeast; in humans and other vertebrates it is thought to be synthesized by cells of the mucous membrane ... [1 Related Articles]
Malte-Brun, Conrad: author and coauthor of several geographies and a founder of the first modern geographic society.
Maltese: breed of toy dog named for the island of Malta, where it may have originated about 2,800 years ago. Delicate in appearance but usually vigorous, healthy, affectionate, and lively, the Maltese was once the valued pet of the wealthy and ...
Maltese cross: (from the article "motion-picture technology") ...changed the least. Manufacturers produce models virtually identical to those of the 1950s, and even the 1930 model Super Simplex is still in wide use. The essential mechanism is still the four-slot Maltese cross introduced in the 1890s. The Maltese ...
Maltese Cross: (from the article "Queensland, flag of") On November 29, 1876, the official gazette confirmed a new badge for the Queensland Blue Ensign. It consisted of a white disk with a blue Maltese Cross, bearing in the centre the British royal crown. The cross may have been ...
Maltese Cross Ranch: (from the article "Theodore Roosevelt National Park") Roosevelt first visited the area in 1883, when the frontier was fast disappearing. That same year he joined with several men as partners in an open-range cattle ranch, the Maltese Cross Ranch, in what is now the South Unit of ...
Maltese lace: type of guipure lace (in which the design is held together by bars, or brides, rather than net) introduced into Malta in 1833 by Genoese laceworkers. It was similar to the early bobbin-made lace of Genoa and had geometric patterns ...
Maltese language: Semitic language of the Southern Central group spoken on the island of Malta. Maltese developed from a dialect of Arabic and is closely related to the western Arabic dialects of Algeria and Tunisia. Strongly influenced by the Italian dialect spoken ...
Maltese Liberation Movement: (from the article "Mintoff, Dom") ...architect and helped reorganize the Labour Party in 1944, becoming its leader in 1949. He served as Malta's prime minister and minister of finance from 1955 to 1958 but resigned in 1958 to lead the Maltese Liberation Movement, which spearheaded ...
Malthus, Thomas Robert: English economist and demographer who is best known for his theory that population growth will always tend to outrun the food supply and that betterment of humankind is impossible without stern limits on reproduction. This thinking is commonly referred to ... [12 Related Articles]
Malthusian League: (from the article "birth control") ...and, through the national press, brought birth control onto the breakfast table of the English middle classes at a time when, for economic reasons, they were eager to control their fertility. The Malthusian League, founded some years earlier by George ...
malting: (from the article "beer") Malting modifies barley to green malt, which can then be preserved by drying. The process involves steeping and aerating the barley, allowing it to germinate, and drying and curing the malt.