| | - jallikattu
- (from the article "bullfighting") ...famous perhaps being the Fiesta de San Fermin, during which bulls are run through the streets of Pamplona. (A similar "running of the bulls," called jallikattu, occurs among the Tamil of southern India as part of the ...
- Jalor
- city, southwestern Rajasthan state, northwestern India. It lies just south of the Sukri River, which is a tributary of the Luni River. Jalor is connected by road with Jodhpur and is the agricultural market for the surrounding area. A medieval ...
- Jalowaz, Battle of
- (from the article "Murad II") ...alliance; but after 1441, when the alliance expanded to include German, Polish, and Albanian forces, the Ottomans lost Nis and Sofia (1443) and were soundly defeated at Jalowaz (1444). After signing a peace treaty at Edirne (June 12, 1444), Murad ...
- Jalpaiguri
- city, northern West Bengal state, northeastern India, just west of the Tista River. The chief agricultural distributing centre of the state, the city is connected by road and rail with Darjeeling, Siliguri, and Saidpur (Bangladesh). Jute pressing, sawmilling, and match ...
- jaltarang
- (from the article "percussion instrument") ...can be played either with small sticks by percussion or by rubbing wetted fingers along the rims-the cups do not contain water. But the jaltarang, also South Asian, makes use of water for fine tuning and for ...
- Jaluit Atoll
- coral formation in the Ralik (western) chain of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, situated in the west-central Pacific Ocean. The atoll has a total land area of 4.4 square miles (11.4 square km) and a lagoon that is easily ...
- jam
- (from the article "fruit processing") ...sometimes making use of blemished or off-grade fruits that may not be ideal for fresh consumption. In jelly making, the goal is to produce a clear, brilliant gel from the juice of a chosen fruit. Jams are made from the ...
- Jam
- (from the article "Islamic arts") ...in the city. One is the tower. Those narrow and tall (up to about 150 feet [50 metres]) were minarets, of which several dozen have been preserved all over Iran and Central Asia (such as the one at Jam). Shorter ...
- Jam Master Jay
- American rap musician and producer (b. Jan. 21, 1965, New York, N.Y.-d. Oct. 30, 2002, New York City), was a member of Run-D.M.C., the first rap group to attract a worldwide audience. Jam Master Jay teamed with Joe ("Run") Simmons ...
- jam nut
- (from the article "nut") ...slots are aligned with a hole in the bolt and locked in place by a cotter pin or wire lacing to prevent loosening or unscrewing. Locking can also be accomplished by tightening a thin nut called a jam nut against ...
- Jam, Jimmy
- (from the article "Jam and Lewis") Jam and Lewis's emergence as major record producers was kick-started by Prince's pique. Keyboard player Jimmy Jam (James Harris III) and bassist Terry Lewis played together in local Minneapolis bands while in high school, graduating to Flyte Tyme, which evolved ...
- Jam, the
- British rock group that emerged at the height of the punk rock movement but whose sound and image were greatly influenced by the British mod bands of the early 1960s. The principal members were Paul Weller (b. May 25, 1958, ...
- jama'ah
- (from the article "Berber") ...a community, and many communities make an ethnic group. The simplest Berber political structure, found in villages in Algeria and the High (Haut) Atlas mountains, is the jama'ah, a meeting of all reputable adult men in the ...
- Jama'are
- town and traditional emirate, Bauchi state, northern Nigeria. The town is situated along the Jamaari River, which is a tributary of the Katagum, and at the intersection of roads leading from Wudil, Azare, and Faggo. Traditionally founded in 1811 by ...
- Jama'at al-Madrasah Hadithah
- (from the article "Arabic literature") A major advance in short-story writing occurred in the early and mid-20th century with a group of Egyptian writers who became known as Jama'at al-Madrasah Hadithah ("New School Group"). The pioneer figure of the school, Muhammad Taymur, died at an ...
- jama'at khanah
- (from the article "Islam") ...Aga Khan III (1887-1957) had taken several measures to bring his followers closer to the main body of the Muslims. The Isma'ilis, however, still have not mosques but jama'at khanahs ("gathering houses"), and their mode of worship bears little resemblance ...
- Jama'atul Mujahideen Bangladesh
- (from the article "Bangladesh") ...off within a span of half an hour in a precisely coordinated manner in 63 of the country's 64 districts. At every bomb location, leaflets were recovered belonging to a banned Islamic militant group, Jama'atul Mujahideen Bangladesh (JMB). Though casualties ...
- Jamaa al-Fna square
- (from the article "Marrakech") ...the medina in Marrakech is called the "red city" because of its buildings and ramparts of beaten clay, which were built during the residence of the Almohads. The heart of the medina is Jamaa el-Fna square, a vibrant marketplace. Nearby ...
- Jamaame
- town, southern Somalia, eastern Africa. Jamaame is situated on the eastern bank of the lower Jubba River, in the southeastern coastal lowlands near the Indian Ocean. The town is an important agricultural, commercial, and industrial centre. Bananas, the major crop, ...
- Jamadagni
- (from the article "Parasurama") ...("Great Epic of the Bharata Dynasty") and the Puranas ("Ancient Lore") record that Parasurama was born to the Brahman sage Jamadagni in order to deliver the world from the arrogant oppression of the baron or warrior caste, the Kshattriyas. He ...
- jamah
- (from the article "dress") ...new dress styles were adopted to conform with Muslim practice, which required that the body be covered as completely as possible. Men's costumes thereafter consisted of the jamah, a long-sleeved coat that reached to the knees or ...
- Jamaica
- island nation of the West Indies. It is the third largest island in the Caribbean Sea, after Cuba and Hispaniola. Jamaica is about 146 miles (235 km) long and varies from 22 to 51 miles (35 to 82 km) wide. ... [26 Related Articles]
- Jamaica Bay
- shallow inlet of the Atlantic Ocean covering about 20 square miles (50 square km) on the southwestern shore of Long Island, southeastern New York, U.S. Part of the Port of New York, the bay is sheltered on the south by ...
- Jamaica Channel
- (from the article "Windward Passage") ...Cuba (west) from Hispaniola (southeast). It has a threshold depth of 5,500 feet (1,700 m) and is on the direct shipping route between the east coast of the United States and the Panama Canal. The Jamaica Channel, between Jamaica (west) ...
- Jamaica Labour Party
- (from the article "Jamaica") The Jamaica Labour Party (JLP), led by economist Bruce Golding, succeeded in defeating the People's National Party (PNP) in the September 3 general election, after the latter had enjoyed four straight terms (18 years) in office. The JLP won 33 ...
- Jamaica Public Service Co.
- (from the article "Jamaica") ...forms of energy, such as wind and hydropower. The government set a goal of 15% of the country's electricity to be drawn from renewable energy sources by 2020. In the meantime, the Jamaica Public Service Co. (JPSCo), which already ran ...
- Jamaica, Bank of
- (from the article "Jamaica") ...of Canadian, British, and U.S. banks, dominate the financial sector. Life insurance companies, building societies, and credit unions also offer savings and credit services. The central bank is the Bank of Jamaica (founded 1960); it issues currency (the Jamaican dollar) ...
- Jamaica, flag of
- national flag with two green and two black triangles separated by a yellow saltire (diagonal cross). The width-to-length ratio of the flag is 1 to 2.
- Jamaica, history of
- (from the article "Jamaica") The following history of Jamaica focuses on events from the time of European contact. For treatments of the island in its regional context, see West Indies, history of, and Latin America, history of.development ofRastafari movement
- Jamaica, Institute of
- (from the article "Jamaica") The Institute of Jamaica, an early patron and promoter of the arts, sponsors exhibitions and awards. It administers the Cultural Training Centre, which includes schools of art, dance, drama, and music, as well as the National Library, the National Gallery, ...
- Jamaican cobnut
- (from the article "filbert") ...the nut to its husk. This distinction was found to be misleading, and filbert became the common name for the genus in the U.S. The term cobnut is limited to a commercial variety of one species; the Jamaican cobnut has ...
- Jamaican fruit bat
- a common and widespread bat of Central and South America with a fleshy nose leaf resembling a third ear positioned on the muzzle. The Jamaican fruit bat has gray-brown fur and indistinct, whitish facial stripes. It has no tail, and ... [1 Related Articles]
- Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani
- Muslim politician, political agitator, and journalist whose belief in the potency of a revived Islamic civilization in the face of European domination significantly influenced the development of Muslim thought in the 19th and early 20th centuries. [5 Related Articles]
- Jamali, Mir Zafarullah Khan
- (from the article "Pakistan") ...Jammu and Kashmir as well as 1,100,000 Afghan refugees) | Capital: Islamabad | Head of state and government: President and Chief Executive Gen. Pervez Musharraf, assisted by Prime Ministers Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali, Chaudry Shujaat Hussain from June 30, and, ...
- Jamali, Muhammad Fadhil al-
- , Iraqi statesman who was the last survivor of the signatories to the UN Charter, was prime minister of Iraq twice, and--following the overthrow of the monarchy in 1958--was sentenced to be hanged; his sentence was later commuted, and he ...
- Jamalpur
- town, central Bihar state, northeastern India. It is situated at the foot of the Monghyr Ghat (hills) near the Ganges River. The town was established in 1862 as a railway settlement and contains large locomotive engineering workshops, as well as ...
- Jamalpur
- city, north-central Bangladesh, on the west bank of the Old Brahmaputra River. An important trade centre, especially for agricultural products, it is connected by rail with Mymensingh, Jagannathganj Ghat, and Bahadurabad Ghat and by road with Mymensingh, Tangail, and Meghalaya ...
- Jamalzadah, Muhammad 'Ali
- Iranian prose writer who became one of the most important figures in 20th-century Persian literature. [2 Related Articles]
- Jamanota, Mount
- (from the article "Aruba") ...(10 km) across at its widest point. Generally low in elevation, the island consists largely of igneous rocks overlain by limestone deposits and is fringed with coral reefs. Its highest point is Mount Jamanota, which rises to 620 feet (189 ...
- Jamasp
- (from the article "Sasanian kings*") ...Sokhra), but when he contrived to eliminate this over-powerful protector, the hostility of the nobles, with tribal unrest in Armenia and western Iran, led to his deposition in favour of a brother, Jamasp.
- Jambi
- (from the article "Jambi") kotamadya (city) and propinsi (province), southeastern Sumatra, Indonesia. The province is bounded by Bengkulu and Sumatera Selatan ("South Sumatra") provinces on the south, by Sumatera Barat ("West Sumatra") province on the west and northwest, by Riau province on the north, ...
- Jambi
- kotamadya (city) and propinsi (province), southeastern Sumatra, Indonesia. The province is bounded by Bengkulu and Sumatera Selatan ("South Sumatra") provinces on the south, by Sumatera Barat ("West Sumatra") province on the west and northwest, by Riau province on the north, ... [1 Related Articles]
- jamdani
- type of figured muslin that is one of the greatest accomplishments of the Indian weaver. The origins of figured muslin are not clear; it is mentioned in Sanskrit literature of the Gupta period (4th-6th century AD). It is known, however, ...
- James Bay
- shallow southern extension of Hudson Bay, located between northern Ontario and Quebec, Canada. Generally less than 200 feet (60 m) deep, the bay is 275 miles (443 km) long and 135 miles (217 km) wide and contains numerous islands, all ... [1 Related Articles]
- James Bay
- (from the article "Saint Helena") ...South of the mountains, water-cut gorges are dispersed, becoming deep valleys near the sea. Springs are numerous. The only practicable place for ship landings is on the island's northwestern side at James Bay, from which a narrow valley extends 1.5 ...
- James Bond
- British literary and film character, a peerless spy, notorious womanizer, and masculine icon. [5 Related Articles]
- James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
- (from the article "Some important radio telescopes") ...operate at submillimetre wavelengths are located near the summit of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, at elevations above 4,000 metres (13,000 feet) and on Mount Graham near Tucson, Ariz. The largest of these, the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope at the Mauna Kea ...
- James Edward, The Old Pretender
- son of the deposed Roman Catholic monarch James II of England and claimant to the English and Scottish thrones. Styled James III of England and James VIII of Scotland by his supporters, he made several halfhearted efforts to gain his ... [2 Related Articles]
- James gang
- (from the article "James, Jesse; and James, Frank") ...under a flag of truce. He and Frank, joined by eight other men, then began their outlaw career by robbing a bank in Liberty, Mo., on Feb. 13, 1866. During the same year, Cole Younger joined the gang, with the ...
- James I
- the most renowned of the medieval kings of Aragon (1213-76), who added the Balearic Islands and Valencia to his realm and thus initiated the Catalan-Aragonese expansion in the Mediterranean that was to reach its zenith in the last decades of ... [8 Related Articles]
- James I
- king of Scotland (as James VI) from 1567 to 1625 and first Stuart king of England from 1603 to 1625, who styled himself "king of Great Britain." James was a strong advocate of royal absolutism, and his conflicts with an ... [48 Related Articles]
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