politician and union activist who in 1953 became the first popularly elected prime minister of British Guiana (now Guyana). He headed the country's government again from 1957 to 1964 and from 1992 to 1997. [3 Related Articles]
When she was sworn in on Dec. 19, 1997, American-born Janet Jagan made history on two fronts--becoming the first elected female president in South America and the first white president of Guyana. Jagan had been elected December 15 in a ...
(Sanskrit: "Lord of the World"), form under which the Hindu god Krishna is worshiped at Puri, Orissa, one of the most famous religious centres of India, and at Ballabhpur, a suburb of Shrirampur, West Bengal. The 12th-century temple of Jagannatha ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "South Asian arts") ...the famous Candi-purana of Saraladasa. But the bhakti period was once again the most stimulating one; the best known medieval Oriya poet is Jagannatha Das (whose name means Servant of Jagannatha), a 16th-century disciple of the Bengali Vaisnava saint Caitanya, ...
city, Madhya Pradesh state, central India, just south of the Indravati River. Surrounded by dense forests, it is connected by road with Raipur and Kanker and is heavily engaged in agricultural trade. Sometimes called Bastar, it served as the capital ...
(from the article "Guyana") Area: 214,999 sq km (83,012 sq mi) | Population (2007 est.): 738,000 | Capital: Georgetown | Chief of state: President Bharrat Jagdeo | Head of government: Prime Minister Sam Hinds | BRITANNICA BOOK OF THE YEAR 2007Guyana
(from the article "tank") ...chiefly to support basic medium tanks by destroying enemy tanks at long range. German and Soviet armies also developed other heavy vehicles for this purpose, such as the 128-millimetre-gun Jagdtiger and the 122-millimetre-gun ISU, which, in effect, were turretless tanks. ...
town, southwestern Free State province, South Africa, southwest of Bloemfontein. The town is historically known as a diamond-mining centre. A 50-carat diamond found on a farm in the area in 1870 led to the establishment of the town in 1882 ...
(from the article "First Folio") For the First Folio, a large undertaking of more than 900 pages, a syndicate of five men was formed, headed by Edward Blount and William Jaggard. The actors John Heminge and Henry Condell undertook the collection of 36 of Shakespeare's ...
(from the article "Rolling Stones, the") ...contemporaries-notably Bob Dylan, Paul McCartney, Eric Clapton, and Van Morrison-have maintained individual positions in rock's front line, the Rolling Stones' nucleus of singer Jagger, guitarist Richards, and drummer Watts remains rock's most durable ongoing partnership.
oasis, northeastern Libya, near the Egyptian border. Located at the northern edge of the Libyan Desert on ancient pilgrim and caravan routes, it was the centre for the Sanusi religious order (1856-95) because of its isolation from Turkish and European ...
(from the article "Khabur River") ...of the Euphrates River. It rises in the mountains of southeastern Turkey near Diyarbakir and flows southeastward to Al-Hasakah, Syria, where it receives its main tributary, the Jaghjagh; it then meanders south to join the Euphrates downstream from Dayr az-Zawr. ...
family of monarchs of Poland-Lithuania, Bohemia, and Hungary that became one of the most powerful in east central Europe in the 15th and 16th centuries. The dynasty was founded by Jogaila, the grand duke of Lithuania, who married Queen Jadwiga ... [6 Related Articles]
(from the article "Selected universities and colleges of the world") ...of one law in Little Poland and Great Poland, Masovia and Red Russia kept their own nonwritten law. Wishing to educate native lawyers and administrators, he founded the Academy of Krakow (now Jagiellonian University) in 1364.establishment
(from the article "Walesa, Lech") ...form free trade unions, and it proclaimed a general strike. Fearing a national revolt, the communist authorities yielded to the workers' principal demands, and on August 31 Walesa and Mieczyslaw Jagielski, Poland's first deputy premier, signed an agreement conceding to ...
(Persian jagir: "holding land"; and dar: "official"), form of land tenancy developed in India during the time of Muslim rule (beginning in the early 13th century) in which the collection of the revenues of an estate and the power of ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "Zimmermann, Arthur") After a career in the consular service, Zimmermann won transfer to the diplomatic branch in 1901. Because of the retiring nature of Gottlieb von Jagow, who became foreign secretary in 1913, Zimmermann conducted a large share of the relations with ...
(from the article "Ice Hockey") ...the quarterfinals-in a shoot-out. Tomas Vokoun, hailed as the tournament's best goalkeeper, stopped 29 Canadian shots in the gold-medal final. The Czechs also got a standout performance from Jaromir Jagr, the five-time NHL scoring champion, who became one of only ...
(from the article "mysticism") ...aspects of the mind are part of the psychology of the mystics and one of the oldest traditions of mankind. The old Indian psychology divided consciousness into three provinces: waking state (jagrat), dream state (svapna), and sleep state (susupti), and ...
(from the article "Bangladesh") The political situation took on an even more sinister edge with the emergence in April of a Taliban-like anticommunist Islamist group named Jagrata Muslim Janata Bangladesh, in the northwest of the country. This group, led by Azizur Rahman, called "Bangla ...
largest New World member of the cat family (Felidae), once found from the U.S.-Mexican border southward to Patagonia, Argentina. Its preferred habitats are usually swamps and wooded regions, but jaguars also live in scrublands and deserts. The jaguar is virtually ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Le Mans Grand Prix d'Endurance (also called Le Mans 24-Hour Race)") ...the 1950s and '60s the Ford Motor Company began limited diversification, but by the 1990s it had refocused attention on its automotive concerns and financial services. In 1989-90 Ford acquired Jaguar, a British manufacturer of luxury cars. Aston Martin became ...
(from the article "pre-Columbian civilizations") The central theme of the Olmec religion was a pantheon of deities each of which usually was a hybrid between jaguar and human infant, often crying or snarling with open mouth. This "were-jaguar" is the hallmark of Olmec art, and ...
river, Ceara estado ("state"), northeastern Brazil. It is formed by the junction of the Carapateiro and Trici rivers (originating in the Serra Grande) and flows northeastward for approximately 350 miles (560 km) to enter the Atlantic Ocean east of Maceio ...
(Felis yagouaroundi), small, unspotted New World cat (family Felidae), also known as the otter-cat because of its otterlike appearance and swimming ability. The jaguarundi is native to forested and brushy regions, especially those near water, from South America to the ... [1 Related Articles]
a subbranch of the Aslian branch of the Mon-Khmer family, itself a part of the Austroasiatic stock. The group includes Bateg, Che' Wong, Jahai, Kensiw, Kenta', and Menriq.
(from the article "Mozaffarid Dynasty") ...of Fars and Yazd by Abu Sa'id, the Il-Khanid ruler. After Abu Sa'id's death, Mohammad expanded his possessions. In 1340 he married the only daughter of Shah Jahan, the last ruler of the Qutlugh dynasty in Kerman, thus gaining possession ...
(from the article "India") Jahandar Shah (ruled 1712-13) was a weak and degenerate prince, and Zulfiqar Khan assumed the executive direction of the empire with power unprecedented for a vizier. Zulfiqar believed that it was necessary to establish friendly relations with the Rajputs and ...
Islamic hell, described somewhat ambiguously in the Qur'an and by Muhammad. In one version, hell seems to be a fantastic monster that God can summon at will; in another description, it is a crater of concentric circles on the underside ...
in Islam, the period preceding the revelation of the Qur'an to the Prophet Muhammad. In Arabic the word means "ignorance," or "barbarism," and indicates a negative Muslim evaluation of pre-Islamic life and culture in Arabia as compared to the teachings ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Murji'ah") ...themselves ahl al-wa'd (the adherents of promise). To them external actions and utterances did not necessarily reflect an individual's inner beliefs. Some of their extremists, such as Jahm ibn Safwan (d. AD 746), regarded faith as purely an inward conviction, ...
the German "father of gymnastics" who founded the turnverein (gymnastics club) movement in Germany. He was a fervent patriot who believed that physical education was the cornerstone of national health and strength and important in strengthening character and national identity. [8 Related Articles]
(from the article "textual criticism") ...Critica ad G. Hermannum had emphasized the diversity of transmissional situations and the difficulty or actual impossibility of classifying the manuscripts in all cases. In 1843 Lachmann's pupil O. Jahn, in his edition of Persius, had repudiated the strict application ...
(from the article "transition element") According to the Jahn-Teller theorem, any molecule or complex ion in an electronically degenerate state will be unstable relative to a configuration of lower symmetry in which the degeneracy is absent. The chief applications of this theorem in transition-metal chemistry ...
(from the article "fungus") Parasitic and saprobic; flask-shaped (perithecium-like) fruiting bodies; example genus is Patellaria.Found in freshwater environments; ascospores covered with sticky gelatin sheaths...
(from the article "Jahra, al-") ...oasis town is the capital of the muhafazah. It is the centre of the country's principal agricultural region, producing primarily fruits and vegetables. Al-Jahra muhafazah is 4,315 sq mi (11,176 sq km) in area. Although it comprises about two-thirds of ...
town and muhafazah (governorate) in central Kuwait. Located about 30 mi (50 km) west of Kuwait city, the oasis town is the capital of the muhafazah. It is the centre of the country's principal agricultural region, producing primarily fruits and ...
Muslim Arab dynasty that ruled Cordoba, Spain, after the dissolution of the Umayyad caliphate of Cordoba (1031), one of the party kingdoms (ta'ifahs). Years of civil war following the breakdown of central caliphal authority in 1008 prompted ...
ball game of Basque origin played in a three-walled court with a hard rubber ball that is caught and thrown with a cesta, a long, curved wicker scoop strapped to one arm. Called pelota vasca in Spain, the Western Hemisphere ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "India") ...Mughal politics by such members of the clan as Raja Man Singh thus paid dividends, and the chiefs were permitted to maintain a large cavalry and infantry force. In the early 18th century the ruler Jai Singh Sawai took steps ...
(from the article "Sivaji") Aurangzeb could hardly ignore so flaunting a challenge and sent out his most prominent general, Mirza Raja Jai Singh, at the head of an army said to number some 100,000 men. The pressure that was exerted by this vast force, ...
(from the article "Radha Soami Satsang") ...of Siva Dayal Saheb, the Radha Soami sect split into two factions. The main group remained at Agra. The other branch was started by a Sikh disciple of Siva Dayal Saheb named Jaimal Singh. Members of this latter group are ...
(from the article "Indian philosophy") ...mental-psychological-physical meditation system) made room for God not on theoretical grounds but only on practical considerations. The Purva-Mimamsa of Jaimini, the greatest philosopher of the Mimamsa school, posits various deities to account for the significance of Vedic rituals but ignores, ...
in Jainism, a religion of India, any of the vows (vratas) that govern the activities of both monks and laymen. The mahavratas, or five "great vows," are undertaken for life only by ascetics and ...
(from the article "Native American art") Just off the coast of Campeche is the island cemetery of Jaina, from which have come magnificently modelled figurines that are certainly among the finest clay works of antiquity. These sacrificial burial figures, replicas of Mayan personages in ceremonial finery, ...
the sacred texts of Jainism, a religion of India, whose authenticity is disputed between sects. The Svetambara canon consists principally of 45 works divided as follows: (1) 11 Angas, the main texts-a 12th has been lost for at least 14 ... [2 Related Articles]
