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Jaumann co-rotational rate ... Jawf, Al-

Jaumann co-rotational rate: (from the article "solids, mechanics of") ...sigma₂₂^*+ sigma₃₃^*)/E. Here the stress rates are expressed as the Jaumann co-rotational rates ... is a derivative following the motion of a material point and where the spin Omega_ij is defined by 2Omega_ij =...
Jaumann, Gustav Andreas Johannes: (from the article "solids, mechanics of") ...and centrifugal effects are quite negligible at the scale of molecular interactions). Important contributions on this issue were made by the applied mathematicians Stanislaw Zaremba and Gustav Andreas Johannes Jaumann in the first decade of the 1900s; they showed how ...
jaundice: excess accumulation of bile pigments in the bloodstream and bodily tissues that causes a yellow to orange and sometimes even greenish discoloration of the skin, the whites of the eyes, and the mucous membranes. Jaundice is best seen in natural ... [15 Related Articles]
jaundice of the newborn: (from the article "childhood disease and disorder") Jaundice in the newborn is ordinarily related to an imbalance between the rate of destruction of red blood cells and the metabolism of hemoglobin to bilirubin and the rate of excretion of bilirubin in the bile; there is a resultant ...
Jaunpur: town, southeastern Uttar Pradesh state, northern India, straddling the Gomati River, northwest of Varanasi (Benares). Jaunpur probably was originally founded in the 11th century but was washed away by Gomati floods. It was rebuilt in 1359 by Firuz Shah Tughluq, ... [1 Related Articles]
jaunting car: two-wheeled, open vehicle, popular in Ireland from the early 19th century. It was unusual in having lengthwise, back-to-back or face-to-face passenger seats. The light, horse-drawn cart carried four passengers (although the earliest versions carried more). It usually had a narrow, ...
Jaures, Jean: French socialist leader, cofounder of the newspaper L'Humanite, and member of the French Chamber of Deputies (1885-89, 1893-98, 1902-14); he achieved the unification of several factions into a single socialist party, the Section Francaise de l'Internationale Ouvriere. During the war ... [5 Related Articles]
Jauru River: (from the article "Plata, Rio de la") ...craft-about 150 miles downstream, near Caceres, Braz., after its confluence with the Sepotuba River-it is 275 feet wide and 20 feet deep. Another 20 miles downstream, where the Jauru River joins it at an elevation of 400 feet, the Paraguay ...
Jauss, Hans Robert: (from the article "art criticism") ...such as Marxism and feminism have often entered art criticism more directly, making the critic's perceptions of social needs more directly applicable to evaluations of art. As the German theorist Hans Robert Jauss wrote, every work of art exists within ...
Java: island of Indonesia lying southeast of Malaysia and Sumatra, south of Borneo (Kalimantan), and west of Bali. Java is only the fourth largest island in Indonesia but contains more than half of the nation's population and dominates it politically and ... [26 Related Articles]
Java: (from the article "computer programming language") In the early 1990s, Java was designed by Sun Microsystems, Inc., as a programming language for the World Wide Web (WWW). Although it resembled C++ in appearance, it was fully object-oriented. In particular, Java dispensed with lower-level features, including the ...
Java almond: (from the article "Sapindales") ...in tropical America. Some contain such large amounts of resin and burn so fiercely that they are known as torchwoods. Canarium strictum (Indian black dammar tree) and C. commune (Java almond) of Indo-Malaysia, a source of Manila elemi, also produce ...
Java Bytecode: (from the article "computer science") ...Microsystems, Inc., introduced Java, yet another object-oriented language. Applications written in Java are not translated into a particular machine language but into an intermediate language called Java Bytecode, which may be executed on any computer (such as those using UNIX, ...
Java man: extinct hominin (member of the human lineage) known from fossil remains found on the island of Java, Indonesia. A skullcap and thighbone discovered by the Dutch anatomist and geologist Eugene Dubois in the early 1890s were the first known fossils ... [5 Related Articles]
Java Sea: portion of the western Pacific Ocean between the islands of Java and Borneo. It is bordered by Borneo (Kalimantan) on the north, the southern end of Makassar Strait on the northeast, Celebes and the Flores and Bali seas on the ... [1 Related Articles]
Java Sea, Battle of the: (from the article "Java Sea") The sea was the scene of a battle of World War II between the Allies and the Japanese. Fought on Feb. 27, 1942, the encounter resulted in a serious defeat for Allied naval forces; they lost five ships in the ...
Java shrew-mouse: (from the article "mouse") ...are covered with flat, channeled spines nestled in soft underfur (juveniles are not spiny). At the other extreme are the shrew-mice from Sumatra (M. crociduroides) and Java (M. vulcani), whose soft, short, and dense ...
Java sparrow: (species Padda oryzivora), bird of the mannikin group in the family Estrildidae (order Passeriformes), one of the best-known cage birds. It is an attractive pet that chirps and trills. Native to Java and Bali, it has become established in the ...
Java Trench: deep submarine depression in the eastern Indian Ocean that extends some 2,000 miles (3,200 km) in a northwest-southeast arc along the southwestern and southern Indonesian archipelago. It is located about 190 miles (305 km) off the southwestern coasts of the ... [4 Related Articles]
Java Virtual Machine: (from the article "Sun Microsystems, Inc.") ...software written in Java would not have to be rewritten for each computer operating system. If it ran on a UNIX computer, it should also run on a Windows machine or a Macintosh through the use of a Java Virtual ...
Java War: (from the article "Southeast Asia, history of") ...examination of the present. Neither effort was successful, though not for want of trying. The idea of opposing Dutch rule, furthermore, was not abandoned entirely, and it was only the devastating Java War (1825-30) that finally tamed the Javanese elite ...
Javadi Hills: range of hills, one of the larger of the Eastern Ghats, northern Tamil Nadu state, southeastern India. About 50 miles (80 km) wide and 20 miles (32 km) long, they are bisected into eastern and western sections by the Cheyyar ...
Javakhishvili, Mikheil: (from the article "Georgian literature") Invasion by the Soviet Red Army in February 1921 sobered Georgian writers. In the 1920s and '30s the prose writer Mikheil Javakhishvili-who, having been sentenced to death by Soviet authorities but later released, went on to become a great writer-produced ...
javali: (from the article "South Asian arts") ...the classical South Indian dance. The varnam, a completely composed piece, serves mainly as a warming up and is performed at the beginning of a concert. Pada and javali are two kinds of love songs using the poetic imagery characteristic ...
Javan ferret badger: (from the article "badger") ...or pahmi, consist of four species: Chinese (M. moschata), Burmese (M. personata), Everett's (M. everetti), and Javan (M. orientalis). They live in grasslands and forests from northeast India ...
Javan rhinoceros: (from the article "Ujung Kulon National Park") Only 25 to 60 Javan, or lesser one-horned, rhinoceroses (Rhinoceros sondaicus) remain alive, although the animals once thrived throughout the islands of Java, Borneo, and Sumatra, the Malay Peninsula, and other areas of Southeast Asia. The hide ...
Javan tiger: (from the article "tiger") ...500 each, and the Indo-Chinese population is estimated at about 1,500. Three subspecies have gone extinct within the past century: the Caspian (P. tigris virgata) of central Asia, the Javan (P. tigris sondaica), and the Bali (P. tigris balica) tigers. ...
Javan, Ali: (from the article "laser") ...carefully how it absorbed and emitted light and calculated that it should work as a laser. On May 16, 1960, he produced red pulses from a ruby rod about the size of a fingertip. In December 1960 Ali Javan, William ...
Javanese: largest ethnic group on the island of Java, Indonesia. Their language, spoken by more than 71 million people, belongs to the Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian) family, as do those of neighbouring but different groups such as the Sundanese of southwest Java and ... [2 Related Articles]
Javanese language: member of the Western, or Indonesian, branch of the Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian) language family, spoken as a native language by more than 68 million persons living primarily on the island of Java. The largest of the Austronesian languages in number of ... [3 Related Articles]
Javanese literature: (from the article "Southeast Asian arts") Malaysia and Indonesia together have about 300 different languages and dialects, but they have a single common linguistic ancestor. Before the coming of Islam to the region in the 14th century, Javanese had been the language of culture; afterward, during ...
Javanese rod puppet: (from the article "Teschner, Richard") puppeteer who developed the artistic potentialities of the Javanese rod puppet for western puppet theatre.Indonesian theatreIndonesiaTheatre and danceMost of Indonesia's oldest theatre forms are linked directly to local literary tradi
Javanese War of Succession, Third: (from the article "Imhoff, Gustaaf Willem, baron van") In his dealings with Indonesians van Imhoff was tactless. He intervened in a quarrel between the ruler of the Mataram kingdom of Java and his brother, thus touching off the Third Javanese War of Succession (1749-57), which left Mataram split ...
Javari River: river that rises on the border between Amazonas state, Brazil, and Loreto department, Peru. It flows northeast for 540 miles (870 km) to join the Amazon River near the Brazilian outpost of Benjamin Constant. The river follows a winding course ...
JavaScript: (from the article "computer programming language") Another approach is to use a language designed for Web scripts to be executed by the browser. JavaScript is one such language, designed by the Netscape Communications Corp., which may be used with both Netscape's and Microsoft's browsers. JavaScript is ...
javelin: (from the article "military technology") Javelins, or throwing spears, were shorter and lighter than spears designed for shock combat and had smaller heads. The distinction between javelin and spear was slow to develop, but by classical times the heavy spear was clearly distinguished from the ...
javelin throw: athletics (track-and-field) sport of throwing a spear for distance, included in the ancient Greek Olympic Games as one of five events of the pentathlon competition. [2 Related Articles]
Javins v. First Nat'l Realty Co.: (from the article "property law") ...of these codes was sporadic. Faced with this situation and with considerable legislative inertia, American courts came to read the provisions of the housing code into the lease. JavinsFirst Nat'l Realty Co. (1970), for example, requires that every residential lease ...
Javorniky: mountain range on the western fringe of the Carpathian Mountains that forms the northern segment of the boundary between Moravia (Czech Republic) and Slovakia. The ridge of the Javorniky peaks-the highest, at 3,514 feet (1,071 metres), is Velky Javornik, overlooking ...
Javouhey, Anne-Marie: (from the article "French Guiana") ...was abolished only after the startling expose by Albert Londres (1884-1932). Another aspect of French Guiana, however, was the pioneering community at Mana (1827-46) founded by Anne-Marie Javouhey, mother-superior of the community of St. Joseph of Cluny, who, with Father ...
jaw: either of a pair of bones that form the framework of the mouth of vertebrate animals, usually containing teeth and including a movable lower jaw (mandible) and fixed upper jaw (maxilla). Jaws function by moving in opposition to each other ... [19 Related Articles]
Jawa Barat: propinsi (province), western Java, Indonesia. It is bounded by Jawa Tengah (Central Java) province to the east, the Indian Ocean to the south, the Java Sea to the north, and the metropolitan capital district of Jakarta Raya ...
Jawa Dam: (from the article "dam") The oldest known dam in the world is a masonry and earthen embankment at Jawa in the Black Desert of modern Jordan. The Jawa Dam was built in the 4th millennium BC to hold back the waters of a small ...
Jawa Tengah: provinsi (province), central Java, Indonesia. It is bounded by Jawa Barat (West Java) province on the west, the Java Sea on the north, Jawa Timur (East Java) province on the east, the Indian Ocean on the south, ... [1 Related Articles]
Jawa Timur: provinsi (province), eastern Java, Indonesia. It is bounded by the province of Jawa Tengah (Central Java) on the west, the Java Sea on the north, the Indian Ocean on the south, and the Bali Strait on the ...
jawab: (from the article "Taj Mahal") ...although the chief architect was probably Ustad Ahmad Lahawri, an Indian of Persian descent. The five principal elements of the complex-main gateway, garden, mosque, jawab (literally "answer"; a building mirroring the mosque), and mausoleum (including its four ...
Jawahar Tunnel: (from the article "Jammu and Kashmir") ...it necessary to transform a longer and more difficult cart road through Banihal Pass into an all-weather highway in order to link Jammu with the Vale of Kashmir; included was the construction of the Jawahar Tunnel, which at the time ...
Jawahiri, Muhammad Mahdi al-: Iraqi poet considered one of the Arab world's all-time finest poets and said to be the last neoclassic Arab bard (b. July 26, 1899?--d. July 27, 1997). [1 Related Articles]
Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba: politician and veterinarian who was The Gambia's prime minister from 1962 to 1970 and its president from 1970 until he was overthrown in 1994. [2 Related Articles]
jawbone: (from the article "percussion instrument") Scrapers are highly popular. The notched gourd with natural handle, called guiro, is another African American instrument. Notched turtle carapaces are scraped in the Caribbean. The jawbone of a horse, mule, or donkey, with its teeth left in, is played ...
Jawf, Al-: town and oasis, northern Saudi Arabia. It lies at the northern edge of an-Nafud desert near the source of the Wadi as-Sirhan. Formerly considered a part of the Jabal Shammar region, the oasis now lies within the northern reaches of ...