| | - ilium
- (from the article "sacroiliac") ...it in supporting the weight of the upper body; the joint's motion is also limited by the irregular surfaces of the sacrum (the fused vertebrae of the lower spine), which closely articulate with the ilium (the uppermost of the three ...
- Ilkeston
- (from the article "Erewash") The domestic stocking and knitting industries of Ilkeston declined in the 18th century, but by the mid-19th century both hosiery and lace factories were in operation and the town was growing rapidly. In the same period coal mining expanded. The ...
- Ill River
- (from the article "Rhine River") ...20 miles wide, held between, respectively, the ancient massifs of the Vosges Mountains and Black Forest uplands and the Haardt Mountains and Oden Forest upland. The main tributary from Alsace is the Ill, which joins the Rhine at Strasbourg, and ...
- Illampu
- (from the article "Andes Mountains") ...relatively low elevation. The northern section in Bolivia, called Cordillera Real, is narrow, with higher peaks and glaciers; the most important peaks, at over 21,000 feet, are Mounts Illimani and Illampu.
- Illapu
- (from the article "Inca") ...Inca religion combined features of animism, fetishism, and the worship of nature gods. The pantheon was headed by Inti, the sun god, and included also Viracocha, a creator god and culture hero, and Apu Illapu, the rain god. Under the ...
- Illawarra
- southern coastal district, New South Wales, Australia, extending 110 miles (180 km) from Bald Hill (north of Stanwell Park) south to the Shoalhaven River and Batemans Bay and from the shore west to the Illawarra Range of the Eastern Highlands, ...
- Ille-et-Vilaine
- (from the article "Brittany") region of France encompassing the northwestern departements of Ille-et-Vilaine, Morbihan, Cotes-d'Armor, and Finistere. Brittany is bounded by the regions of Basse-Normandie to the northeast and Pays de la Loire to the ...
- Illecillewaet Glacier
- (from the article "Glacier National Park") ...and Sir Donald, flanked by immense ice fields and glaciers, form an impressive alpine panorama, with canyons, turbulent rivers, waterfalls, and flower-filled meadows. Outstanding features are the Illecillewaet Glacier, which has an area of 10 square miles (26 square km) ...
- illegal immigration
- (from the article "Cape Verde") In 2007 a number of West Africans who were trying to reach the Spanish Canary Islands by boat ended up mistakenly in Cape Verde. They were designated illegal immigrants and housed temporarily in poor conditions prior to their deportation back ...
- illegitimacy
- status of children begotten and born outside of wedlock. Many statutes either state, or are interpreted to mean, that usually a child born under a void marriage is not illegitimate if his parents clearly believed that they were legally married. ... [9 Related Articles]
- illegitimate question
- (from the article "applied logic") Besides falsity, questions can exhibit an even more drastic sort of "impropriety." They can be illegitimate in that they have no possible answers whatsoever (example: "What is an example of an even prime number different from two?"). The logic of ...
- Illex
- (from the article "cephalopod") The Coleoidea are carnivorous and live principally on other cephalopods, crustaceans, mollusks, and small fishes. In the food cycle of the squid Illex, in which the adults feed upon young mackerel and the adult mackerel feed upon young squid. Squids ...
- Illia, Arturo
- (from the article "Argentina") The elections of July 1963 resulted in victory for Arturo Illia, the candidate of the Radical Civic Union. President Illia inherited Frondizi's economic problems, although the drastic reorientation of the economy had begun to show signs of success. Illia tried ...
- Illica, Luigi
- (from the article "Giacosa, Giuseppe") Italian dramatist who collaborated with Luigi Illica to write the libretti for three of Giacomo Puccini's most famous operas.
- Illich-Svitych, Vladislav M.
- (from the article "Nostratic hypothesis") Modern research on the Nostratic hypothesis began with the work of the Russian Vladislav M. Illich-Svitych, who made a detailed case in the mid-1960s for the relatedness of the four above-named groups, together with Kartvelian and Dravidian. He also offered ...
- Illiciaceae
- (from the article "Illiciales") order of primitive, dicotyledonous flowering plants comprising the families Illiciaceae and Schisandraceae, with three genera, of mostly tropical and subtropical woody plants. All have radially symmetrical, mainly beetle-pollinated flowers that lack differentiation between the outer and inner floral whorls (sepals ...
- Illiciales
- order of primitive, dicotyledonous flowering plants comprising the families Illiciaceae and Schisandraceae, with three genera, of mostly tropical and subtropical woody plants. All have radially symmetrical, mainly beetle-pollinated flowers that lack differentiation between the outer and inner floral whorls (sepals ... [1 Related Articles]
- Illicium
- (from the article "Illiciales") The family Illiciaceae has one genus, Illicium, with 42 species of shrubs and trees having evergreen, aromatic leaves and bisexual flowers, the inner petals of which grade gradually into stamens (male pollen-producing structures). The female portion of the flower consists ...
- illicium
- (from the article "paracanthopterygian") ...the larvae occur in surface waters, gradually descending to deeper waters as they grow older. The females of the deep-sea anglers are from three to 13 times as large as the males. Females have an illicium, or "fishing pole," which ...
- Illig, Moritz Friedrich
- (from the article "papermaking") Before 1800, paper sheets were sized by impregnation with animal glue or vegetable gums, an expensive and tedious process. In 1800 Moritz Friedrich Illig in Germany discovered that paper could be sized in vats with rosin and alum. Although Illig ...
- Illimani, Nevado
- snowcapped mountain peak, 21,004 feet (6,402 metres) in elevation, just south of La Paz, Bolivia's administrative capital. It overlooks the city and forms part of the Cordillera Real. [2 Related Articles]
- Illingworth, Holden
- (from the article "fishing") ...spool. For line recovery, the spool was turned back 90°. The reel was used mainly for casting heavy lures for salmon fishing, but it influenced the reel invented by the English textile magnate Holden Illingworth, which the British called a ...
- Illinoian Glacial Stage
- major division of geologic time and deposits in North American during the Pleistocene Epoch (1,600,000 to 10,000 years ago). The Illinoian, a time of widespread continental glaciation, follows the Yarmouth Interglacial Stage and precedes the Sangamon Interglacial Stage, both periods ... [3 Related Articles]
- Illinois
- a confederation of small Algonquian-speaking North American Indian tribes originally spread over what are now southern Wisconsin and northern Illinois and parts of Missouri and Iowa. The best-known of the Illinois tribes were the Cahokia, Kaskaskia, Michigamea, Peoria, and Tamaroa. [1 Related Articles]
- Illinois
- constituent state of the United States of America. It stretches southward 385 miles (620 km) from the Wisconsin border in the north to Cairo in the south. In addition to Wisconsin, the state borders Lake Michigan to the northeast, Indiana ... [17 Related Articles]
- Illinois and Michigan Canal
- (from the article "canals and inland waterways") ...had given the United States control of the Mississippi River, and it became the main waterway for the movement of Midwestern produce via New Orleans and the Gulf of Mexico. Developments included the Illinois-Michigan Canal, connecting the two great water ...
- Illinois Architects Act
- (from the article "building construction") ...London, and the American Institute of Architects (1857). Official government licensing of architects and engineers, a goal of these societies, was not realized until much later, beginning with the Illinois Architects Act of 1897. Concurrent with the rise of professionalism ...
- Illinois Beach State Park
- (from the article "Zion") ...of the Passion play, which has been organized since the 1930s by the Christian Catholic Church (now the Christ Community Church). Jubilee Days, held over Labor Day weekend, celebrates the harvest. Illinois Beach State Park is adjacent to the north ...
- Illinois Central Railroad
- former U.S. railroad founded in 1851 that expanded service from Illinois to much of the Midwest before merging with the Canadian National Railway Company (CN) in 1999. [2 Related Articles]
- Illinois Central Railroad Co. v. Illinois
- (from the article "natural resources law") ...a trustee of resources for the benefit of the general public. The public trust doctrine limits disposition of trust property and abdication of sovereignty over those resources. In Illinois Central Railroad Co.Illinois (1892), for example, the Supreme Court of the ...
- Illinois College
- (from the article "Jacksonville") ...that the city's name honours a prominent African American preacher named A.W. Jackson), it soon acquired a distinctive educational, institutional, and religious character that it largely retains. Illinois College (founded there in 1829 and affiliated with the Presbyterian church and ...
- Illinois Institute of Technology
- private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Chicago, Illinois, U.S. It dates to 1890, when the Armour Institute of Technology was founded (its first classes were held in 1893). The institute owes its heritage to a sermon by Chicago minister ... [6 Related Articles]
- Illinois River
- navigable stream of northern and central Illinois, U.S. It is formed by the junction of the Des Plaines and Kankakee rivers in Grundy county, about 10 miles (16 km) southwest of Joliet. It flows generally west across the state until ...
- Illinois State Board of Charities
- (from the article "Lathrop, Julia Clifford") ...reform movements. In 1890 she moved to Chicago and joined Jane Addams at the newly established Hull House settlement. In July 1893, at Governor John P. Altgeld's appointment, she took a place on the Illinois Board of Charities. It was ...
- Illinois State University
- public, coeducational university in Normal, Illinois, U.S. Established in 1857, the university is the oldest public institution of higher learning in the state. Abraham Lincoln drafted the documents that established the school, which was among the first normal (teacher-training) schools ... [1 Related Articles]
- Illinois Waterway
- (from the article "Illinois River") ...at a point near La Salle, made navigation between these streams and shipping between the Great Lakes and the Gulf of Mexico possible. The nearly 100-mile (160-km) canal ceased to be used when the Illinois Waterway (linking the Chicago River, ...
- Illinois, flag of
- U.S. state flag consisting of a white field (background) with the state seal in the centre showing a bald eagle, a shield, a ribbon, and other symbols.
- Illinois, University of
- state system of higher education in Illinois, U.S. It consists of three campuses, the main campus in the twin cities Champaign and Urbana and additional campuses in Chicago and Springfield. The universities are teaching and research institutions with land-grant standing ... [8 Related Articles]
- illite
- any of a group of mica-type clay minerals widely distributed in marine shales and related sediments. Illite contains more water and less potassium than true micas, but it has a micalike sheet structure and is poorly crystallized. It may form ... [2 Related Articles]
- illocutionary act
- (from the article "semantics") ..."declare," "judge," "order," "request," "promise," "warn," "apologize," "call," and so on, mark the illocutionary force of the utterance in question. If one says, for instance, "I shall be there," then, depending on the circumstances, this utterance may amount to a ...
- illuminated manuscript
- handwritten book that has been decorated with gold or silver, brilliant colours, or elaborate designs or miniature pictures. Though various Islamic societies also practiced this art, Europe had the longest and probably the most highly developed tradition of illuminating manuscripts. [27 Related Articles]
- Illuminati
- (from the article "Italy") ...During the 1780s Masonic lodges had begun to replace scholarly academies and agrarian societies as loci of political discussion. In the 1790s more-radical secret societies emerged, modeled after the Illuminati ("Enlightened Ones") founded in Bavaria by Adam Weishaupt, a professor ...
- illuminating shell
- (from the article "artillery") World War I also saw the development of specialized projectiles to meet various tactical demands. Smoke shells, filled with white phosphorus, were adopted for screening the activities of troops; illuminating shells, containing magnesium flares suspended by parachutes, illuminated the battlefield ...
- illumination
- (from the article "epistemology") ...ideas. Ideas as Augustine construed them are-like Plato's-timeless, immutable, and accessible only to the mind. They are indeed in some mysterious way a part of God and seen in God. Illumination, the other element of the theory, was for Augustine ...
- illusion
- a misrepresentation of a "real" sensory stimulus-that is, an interpretation that contradicts objective "reality" as defined by general agreement. For example, a child who perceives tree branches at night as if they are goblins may be said to be having ... [5 Related Articles]
- Illustrated London News
- historic magazine of news and the arts, published in London, a forerunner in the use of various graphic arts. It was founded as a weekly in 1842 by Herbert Ingram, and it became a monthly in 1971. It was London's ... [3 Related Articles]
- illustration
- (from the article "drawing") Of a similarly ambivalent nature is the illustrative drawing that perhaps does not go beyond a simple pictorial rendition of a literary description but because of its specific formal execution may still satisfy the highest artistic demands. Great artists have ...
- Illustre Theatre
- (from the article "Bejart, Genevieve") French actress and early member of Moliere's Illustre Theatre company. Genevieve played as Mlle Herve, adopting her mother's name. She acted with the Bejart family company managed by her sister Madeleine before they joined forces with Moliere. She attained note ...
- Illyria
- northwestern part of the Balkan Peninsula, inhabited from about the 10th century BC onward by the Illyrians, an Indo-European people. At the height of their power the Illyrian frontiers extended from the Danube River southward to the Adriatic Sea and ... [5 Related Articles]
- Illyrian
- (from the article "Alexander the Great") ...advanced into Thrace in spring 335 and, after forcing the Shipka Pass and crushing the Triballi, crossed the Danube to disperse the Getae; turning west, he then defeated and shattered a coalition of Illyrians who had invaded Macedonia. Meanwhile, a ...
- Illyrian language
- Indo-European language spoken in pre-Roman times along the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea and in southeastern Italy. The language of the Illyrian fragments found in Italy is usually called Messapic, or Messapian. Some scholars believe the modern Albanian language ... [2 Related Articles]
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