Encyclopædia Britannica Australia -

Encyclopedias since 1768

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Fadden, Sir Arthur William ... Fain, Sammy

Fadden, Sir Arthur William: accountant, politician, and for a short time prime minister of Australia (1941).
Fader, Fernando: (from the article "Latin American art") European Expressionism, a broadly defined movement that attempted to convey emotional states through exaggeration and distortion, also influenced Latin American Modernismo. The Argentine Fernando Fader studied in Germany, where Expressionist artists used intensified colour contrasts and visible brushstrokes. Fader used ...
Fadeyev, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich: Russian novelist who was a leading exponent and theoretician of proletarian literature and a high Communist Party functionary influential in literary politics.
Fadeyeva, Nadezhda: (from the article "The Environment") ...prevent serious damage to their citizens' health caused by pollution from industrial installations, even when those installations were privately owned and operated. The ruling concerned the case of Nadezhda Fadeyeva, who lived near a privately held steel plant in a ...
Fadiman, Annalee Whitmore: American screenwriter and journalist (b. May 27, 1916, Price, Utah-d. Feb. 5, 2002, Captiva, Fla.), was working as a secretary in the typing pool at MGM when she co-wrote Andy Hardy Meets Debutante (1940), a vehicle for Judy Garland and ...
Fadiman, Clifton: American editor, anthologist, and writer known for his extraordinary memory and his wide-ranging knowledge. [1 Related Articles]
fading: (from the article "telecommunications media") ...by a combination of atmospheric wave propagation, surface wave propagation, ground reflection, and ionospheric reflection. In some cases this combining of propagation paths can produce severe fading at the receiver. Fading occurs when there are significant variations in received signal ...
Fadl Allah: (from the article "Nesimi, Seyid Imadeddin") Very little about his early life is known. He became acquainted with the founder of an extremist religious sect, the Hurufis, the Iranian mystic Fadl Allah of Astarabad, who was flayed to death for his heretical beliefs in 1401/02. Hurufism ...
Fadl ibn ar-Rabi', al-: (from the article "Harun ar-Rashid") ...side were the religious scholars ('ulama'), many Arabs, and many from the western provinces. Since the Barmakids favoured the first group of interests and the new vizier, al-Fadl ibn ar-Rabi', favoured the second, it is likely that this political cleavage ...
Fadl ibn Sahl, al-: (from the article "Ma'mun, al-") ...discord that soon developed into armed conflict between the two brothers. Al-Ma'mun, in effect stripped by al-Amin of his rights to the succession, was supported by an Iranian, al-Fadl ibn Sahl, whom he was to make his vizier, as well ...
Fadl ibn Yahya, al-: (from the article "Barmakids") ...It was, therefore, no surprise that he put the whole administration in the hands of Yahya and his sons. Yahya received the title of wazir, and his sons al-Fadl and Ja'far were placed in charge of the Caliph's personal seal.
fado: (from the article "Lisbon") ...in their city: saudade ("melancholy"), a state of anxiety tempered by fatalism that is said to be reflected in fado ("fate"), the melodic but deeply emotional folk songs that can still be heard in ...
Fadrusz, Janos: preeminent Hungarian sculptor at the end of the 19th century. He was renowned for his memorial statues.
faena: (from the article "bullfighting") Another trumpet call signals the third and final tercio, the faena, a term for the many passes with the muleta and the bull. This involves the matador alone, the banderilleros usually being behind the ...
Faenza: city, Ravenna provincia, in the Emilia-Romagna regione of northern Italy, on the Lamone River, southeast of Bologna. In the 2nd century BC it was a Roman town (Faventia) on the Via Aemilia, but excavations ... [1 Related Articles]
Faenza majolica: tin-glazed earthenware produced in the city of Faenza in the Emilia district of Italy from the late 14th century. Early Faenza ware is represented by green and purple jugs decorated with Gothic lettering and heraldic lions and by Tuscan oak ... [3 Related Articles]
Faerie Queene, The: one of the great long poems in the English language, written in the 16th century by Edmund Spenser. As originally conceived, the poem was to have been a religious-moral-political allegory in 12 books, each consisting of the adventures of a ... [4 Related Articles]
Faesi, Robert: Swiss poet, dramatist, short-story writer, and literary critic, noted for his trilogy of novels on Zurich life and for important critical studies of literary figures.
Fagaceae: (from the article "beech") any of several different types of trees, especially about 10 species of deciduous ornamental and timber trees constituting the genus Fagus in the family Fagaceae, native to temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere. About 40 species of superficially ...
Fagales: beech order of dicotyledonous woody flowering plants, comprising nearly 1,900 species in 55 genera. Members of Fagales represent some of the most important temperate deciduous or evergreen trees of both hemispheres, including oaks, beeches, walnuts, hickories, and birches.
Fagaras: town, Brasov judet (county), central Romania. It lies north of the Fagaras Mountains, a range of the Transylvanian Alps (Southern Carpathian Mountains), on the Olt River. First mentioned in documents in 1291, Fagaras became a military centre during the Middle ...
Fagaras Mountains: mountain range, the highest section of the Transylvanian Alps (Southern Carpathian Mountains), south-central Romania. Their steep northern face rises above 8,000 feet (2,450 m) and overlooks the Fagaras Depression, through which flows the Olt River over a gentler gradient south ... [1 Related Articles]
Fagen, Donald: (from the article "Steely Dan") ...Walter Becker (b. February 20, 1950New York, New York, U.S.) and Donald Fagen (b. January 10, 1948Passaic, New Jersey).
Fageol Safety Coach Company: (from the article "bus") ...on a truck chassis. The majority of present-day school buses are made in this way. In 1921 the first vehicle with a chassis specifically designed for bus service was made in the United States by Fageol Safety Coach Company of ...
Fagerholm, Karl August: (from the article "Finland") Relations with the Soviet Union, however, were not entirely without complications. After the elections of 1958, a coalition government under the leadership of the Social Democrat Karl August Fagerholm was formed, in which certain members considered anti-Soviet were included. The ...
Faget, Max: American aerospace engineer who made major contributions to the design of the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo spacecraft and to the space shuttle. [1 Related Articles]
Fagnano, Giulio Carlo: (from the article "mathematics") ...brothers arrived at ideas that would later develop into the calculus of variations. In his study of the rectification of the lemniscate, a ribbon-shaped curve discovered by Jakob Bernoulli in 1694, Giulio Carlo Fagnano (1682-1766) introduced ingenious analytic transformations that ...
Fagne: (from the article "Belgium") A large depression, known east of the Meuse River as the Famenne and west of it as the Fagne, separates the Ardennes from the geologically and topographically complex foothills to the north. The principal feature of the area is the ...
Faguet, Emile: French literary historian and moralist who wrote many influential critical works revealing a wide range of interests.
Faguibine, Lake: isolated lake in Mali, west of Timbuktu (Tombouctou). It lies north of the Niger River in the Macina depression, and it is reached by branches of the Niger in times of flood. At high water it reaches a length of ... [1 Related Articles]
Fagunwa, D.O.: Yoruba chief whose series of fantastic novels made him one of Nigeria's most popular writers. He was also a teacher. [2 Related Articles]
Fagus Works: (from the article "Gropius, Walter") Gropius' growing intellectual leadership was complemented by his design of two significant buildings, both done in collaboration with Adolph Meyer: the Fagus Works at Alfeld-an-der-Leine (1911) and the model office and factory buildings in Cologne (1914) done for the Werkbund ...
Fahd: king of the Saudi Arabians from 1982 to 2005. As crown prince and as an active administrator, he had been virtual ruler during the preceding reign (1975-82) of his half brother King Khalid. [6 Related Articles]
Fahey, John Aloysius: American guitarist (b. Feb. 28, 1939, Takoma Park, Md.-d. Feb. 22, 2001, Salem, Ore.), created extended, serene guitar compositions that fused American folk, country music, and rural blues traditions on noted underground albums of the 1960s; his style, which he ...
Fahlberg, Constantin: (from the article "saccharin") Saccharin was discovered by the chemists Ira Remsen and Constantin Fahlberg in 1879, while they were investigating the oxidation of o-toluenesulfonamide. Fahlberg noticed an unaccountable sweet taste to his food and found that this sweetness was present on his hands ...
Fahmi Pasha, Mustafa: (from the article "Egypt") ...Riyad (Riaz) Pasha (1888-91), resigned because of clashes over administrative control. From then until November 1908, with a break in 1893-95, the prime minister was Mustafa Fahmi Pasha, who proved to be Cromer's obedient instrument.
Fahrenheit temperature scale: scale based on 32° for the freezing point of water and 212° for the boiling point of water, the interval between the two being divided into 180 equal parts. The 18th-century German physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit originally took as the ... [5 Related Articles]
Fahrenheit, Daniel Gabriel: German physicist and maker of scientific instruments. He is best known for inventing the alcohol thermometer (1709) and mercury thermometer (1714) and for developing the Fahrenheit temperature scale; this scale is still commonly used in the United States. [3 Related Articles]
FAI Insurance, Ltd.: (from the article "Adler, Lawrence James") Hungarian-born Australian businessman, founder of the Fire and All Risks Insurance Co. (later renamed FAI Insurance, Ltd.) and one of the 10 richest men in the country.
Faial Island: Portuguese island forming part of the Azores archipelago, in the North Atlantic Ocean. Its area of 67 square miles (173 square km) was increased by 1 square mile (2.5 square km) because of volcanic activity in 1957-58. The centre of ... [1 Related Articles]
Faidherbe, Louis: governor of French Senegal in 1854-61 and 1863-65 and a major founder of France's colonial empire in Africa. He founded Dakar, the future capital of French West Africa. [3 Related Articles]
faience: tin-glazed earthenware made in France, Germany, Spain, and Scandinavia. It is distinguished from tin-glzed earthenware made in Italy, which is called majolica (or maiolica), and that made in The Netherlands and England, which is called delft. [8 Related Articles]
faience blanche: (French: "white faience"), type of French pottery of the late 16th and early 17th centuries; it copied bianchi di Faenza, a sparsely decorated Faenza majolica (tin-glazed earthenware), which appeared about 1570 as a reaction to an overornamented pictorial style. In ...
faience fine: fine white English lead-glazed earthenware, or creamware, imported into France from about 1730 onward. Staffordshire "salt glaze" was imported first, followed by the improved Wedgwood "Queen's ware" and the Leeds "cream-coloured ware." It was cheaper than French faience, or tin-glazed ... [1 Related Articles]
faience parlante: (French: "talking faience"), in French pottery, popular utilitarian 18th-century earthenware, principally plates, jugs, and bowls, that had inscriptions as part of its decoration. The city of Nevers was the outstanding centre for the production of faience parlante. The range of ... [2 Related Articles]
faience patriotique: French 18th-century earthenware, chiefly plates and jugs, decorated with themes drawn from the French Revolution and its ideology or from national political events. The first example of a faience patriotique was a Moustiers dish occasioned by the Battle of Fontenoy ... [2 Related Articles]
faience patronymique: (from the article "faience parlante") There were several subgenres of faience parlante. One type, faience patronymique, had pictures of saints and a date and was frequently given as a gift on birthdays or christenings. Faience patriotique was decorated with themes drawn from the French Revolution ...
fail-safe: (from the article "strategic weapons system") Each of these weapons systems was an intricate network of communications among people and missiles carrying hydrogen bombs. Elaborate design, engineering, and programming of the "fail-safe" variety was meant to minimize the chance that a computer failure or some simple ...
failure to thrive: (from the article "childhood disease and disorder") Failure to thrive is the term used to describe the condition in which a young child fails to gain weight satisfactorily. Common reasons for such poor weight gain are parental neglect or lack of food. On the other hand, a ...
Fain, Agathon-Jean-Francois, Baron: French historian, secretary, and archivist to the cabinet of Napoleon, who is best known for his personal reminiscences of Napoleon's reign. His works are important sources for the history of the French empire.
Fain, Sammy: prolific American composer of popular songs, including many for Broadway musicals and Hollywood motion pictures. Numbered among his best-known tunes are "Let a Smile Be Your Umbrella," "Tender is the Night," and "I'll Be Seeing You," all of which became ... [2 Related Articles]