(from the article "education") ...carry on the work of political organization, agricultural and industrial production, and economic reform, and (3) remolding the behaviour, emotions, attitudes, and outlook of the people. Millions of cadres were given intensive training to carry out specific programs; there were ...
(from the article "political party") Cadre parties-i.e., parties dominated by politically elite groups of activists-developed in Europe and America during the 19th century. Except in some of the states of the United States, France from 1848, and the German Empire from 1871, the suffrage was ...
staff carried by Hermes, the messenger of the gods, as a symbol of peace. Among the ancient Greeks and Romans it became the badge of heralds and ambassadors, signifying their inviolability. Originally the caduceus was a rod or olive branch ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Merryman, Ex Parte") ...activities. Supreme Court Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, sitting as a federal circuit court judge, issued a writ of habeas corpus on the grounds that Merryman was illegally detained. General George Cadwalader, in command of Fort McHenry, refused to obey ...
British king of Gwynedd (in present north Wales) who, with the Mercian king Penda, invaded Northumbria in 632 or 633, killed the Northumbrian king Edwin in battle in Hatfield Chase (south of York), and devastated the region. A year later ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Hamilton") ...west-central Scotland, situated near the junction of Avon Water and the River Clyde, just southeast of the metropolitan complex of Glasgow. The area has been settled since prehistoric times. Cadzow Castle, 2 miles (3 km) southeast, was a royal residence ...
(from the article "Gymnophiona") Several species of caecilians in the South American genus Caecilia exceed 1 metre (about 3.3 feet) in total length; the largest known caecilian is C. thompsoni, at 152 cm (about 60 inches). The smallest ...
(from the article "Donatist") a member of a Christian group in North Africa that broke with the Roman Catholics in 312 over the election of Caecilian as bishop of Carthage; the name derived from their leader, Donatus (d. c. 355). Historically, the Donatists belong ...
(from the article "Gymnophiona") ...copulatory organ in males; aquatic larvae (with gill slits but no external gills), direct development of terrestrial eggs, or viviparous; about 170 species.Paleocene (65.5-55.8 million years ago) to present; tail absent; mouth recessed; premaxillae fused with nasals; prefrontals absent; ...
(from the article "cave fish") ...is Astyanax mexicanus (previously Anoptichthys jordani), an eyeless, 7.5-centimetre characin (family Characidae) found in Mexico and often kept in home aquariums. Others include Caecobarbus geertsi, an African member of the minnow family (Cyprinidae), and certain catfish belonging to several families ...
(from the article "Vulcan") ...as his epithets Quietus and Mulciber (Fire Allayer) suggest. Because he was a deity of destructive fire, his temples were properly located outside the city. In Roman myth Vulcan was the father of Caeculus, founder of Praeneste (now Palestrina, Italy). ...
first Old English Christian poet, whose fragmentary hymn to the creation remains a symbol of the adaptation of the aristocratic-heroic Anglo-Saxon verse tradition to the expression of Christian themes. His story is known from Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English ... [2 Related Articles]
Old English scriptural paraphrases copied about 1000, given in 1651 to the scholar Franciscus Junius by Archbishop James Ussher of Armagh and now in the Bodleian Library, University of Oxford. It contains the poems Genesis, Exodus, Daniel, and Christ and ... [1 Related Articles]
king of the West Saxons, or Wessex (from 685 or 686), who claimed descent from King Ceawlin. In his youth he was driven from Wessex and led the life of an outlaw, and in 685 he began harrying Sussex. In ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Rome") Almost half parkland, the Caelian includes the public park of Villa Celimontana, once the garden of the Mattei family, who had another on the Palatine, a clutch of palaces in the Campus Martius, and another in the Trastevere quarter. The ...
the last of the medical writers of the Western Roman Empire, usually considered the greatest Greco-Roman physician after Galen. Caelius probably practiced and taught in Rome and is now thought to rank second only to the physician Celsus as a ...
Roman politician and close friend of Cicero. He is possibly also the Rufus whom the poet Catullus accused of stealing his mistress Clodia. At her instigation Caelius, who had deserted her, was prosecuted for vis ("violent acts") in 56, but ... [1 Related Articles]
city, capital of Calvados departement, Basse-Normandie region, northwestern France, on the Orne River, 9 miles (14 km) from the English Channel, southwest of Le Havre. It first became important under the Norman dukes in the 10th and 11th centuries and ... [5 Related Articles]
(from the article "Sword Beach") ...coup de main placed both bridges in Allied hands. Howard's company thus became the first attackers of the Normandy Invasion on French soil and the first unit to achieve its objective on D-Day. The Caen Canal bridge was soon immortalized ...
(from the article "Caen") ...Saint-Gilles, faces the city's southwest side, and public gardens were planted in the city centre. The university, founded in 1432 by Henry VI of England, was resited and reopened in 1957. The Caen Memorial (opened 1988) is a museum dedicated ...
, American newspaper columnist for the San Francisco Chronicle, 1938-50 and 1958-97, and San Francisco Examiner, 1950-58; his longtime encomiums on San Francisco, characterized by pithy wordplay and, later, nostalgia, earned him a Pulitzer Prize in 1996 (b. April 3, ... [1 Related Articles]
in Greek mythology, the son of Elatus, a Lapith from the mountains of Thessaly in what is now northern Greece. At the marriage of Pirithous, king of the Lapiths, the Centaurs (creatures part man and part horse), who were guests, ...
(from the article "Vespasian") ...who bore his sons Titus and Domitian and a daughter, Flavia Domitilla (later deified). Both his wife and daughter died before he became emperor. He then returned to an earlier mistress, called Caenis, who had been a freedwoman of Antonia, ...
(from the article "Mello, Craig C.") ...graduate studies in biology at the University of Colorado in Boulder, where he worked in the laboratory of American molecular biologist David Hirsh, who was investigating the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. While conducting research in Hirsh's lab, Mello ...
ancient city of Etruria, about 30 miles (50 km) northwest of Rome. Through its port, Pyrgi (present-day Santa Severa), the city became an important trading centre in close contact with Carthage, on the northern coast of Africa in what is ... [3 Related Articles]
town, archaeological site, and residential suburb of Newport, Newport county borough, historic county of Monmouthshire (Sir Fynwy), Wales, on the River Usk. It was important as the Roman fortress of Isca Silurum, which was, with Deva (Chester) and Eboracum (York), ... [1 Related Articles]
town, Gwynedd county, historic county of Caernarvonshire (Sir Gaernarfon), Wales, near the west end of the Menai Strait separating the mainland from Anglesey.
(from the article "Caernarfon") ...around the motte and a walled borough adjacent to it, with a grid pattern of streets. The borough, to which he granted a charter in 1284, was made the capital of North Wales, and it was at the castle that ...
historic county of northwestern Wales, bordered on the north by the Irish Sea, on the east by Denbighshire, on the south by the county of Merioneth and Cardigan Bay, and on the west by Caernarfon Bay and the Menai Strait, ... [1 Related Articles]
county borough, southeastern Wales. The area west of the River Rhymney forms part of the historic county of Glamorgan (Morgannwg), and the area east of the river belongs to the historic county of Monmouthshire (Sir Fynwy). Caerphilly county borough extends ...
castle town, Caerphilly county borough, historic county of Glamorgan (Morgannwg), Wales. The town grew up outside a 13th-century castle. The still-incomplete structure was destroyed in 1270 by the Welsh prince Llywelyn ap Gruffudd but was rebuilt from 1271 onward, with ...
(from the article "Caerphilly") castle town, Caerphilly county borough, historic county of Glamorgan (Morgannwg), Wales. The town grew up outside a 13th-century castle. The still-incomplete structure was destroyed in 1270 by the Welsh prince Llywelyn ap Gruffudd but was rebuilt from 1271 onward, with ...
(from the article "Fabales") The subfamily Caesalpinioideae (classified as a family, Caesalpiniaceae, by some authorities) is a heterogeneous group of plants with about 160 genera and some 2,000 species. The latest classifications show that this subfamily is the most basal lineage among the legumes ...
(from the article "Fabales") Molecular evidence confirms the hypothesis that Caesalpinioideae includes the earliest diverging lineages among the legumes. This was also the prevailing theory prior to molecular studies, based on the group's high diversity in the tropics, an extended fossil record, and the ...
(from the article "cryptology") The simplest of all substitution ciphers are those in which the cipher alphabet is merely a cyclical shift of the plaintext alphabet. Of these, the best-known is the Caesar cipher, used by Julius Caesar, in which A is encrypted as ...
(from the article "salad") ...onions, cucumbers, peppers, beets, and so on-may garnish the green salad. In France a piece of dry bread rubbed with garlic, a chapon, is sometimes tossed with the salad to season it. Caesar salad, invented in Tijuana, Mexico, in the ...
(from the article "1934: Other Winners") Original Story: Arthur Caesar for Manhattan MelodramaAdaptation: Robert Riskin for It Happened One NightCinematography: Victor Milner for CleopatraArt Direction: Cedric Gibbons and Frederic Hope for...
grandson of the Roman emperor Augustus (reigned 27 BC-AD 14), who would probably, had he survived Augustus, have succeeded to the imperial throne. [1 Related Articles]
U.S. lyricist for such U.S. standards as "Swanee" and "Tea for Two," one of the most frequently sung and recorded tunes ever written (b. July 4, 1895--d. Dec. 17, 1996).
(from the article "bushranger") ...bandit or highwayman followed the usual pattern of robbery, rape, and murder. They specialized in robbing, or "bailing up," stagecoaches, banks, and small settlements. From 1789, when John Caesar (called "Black Caesar") took to the bush and probably became the ...
celebrated Roman general and statesman, the conqueror of Gaul (58-50 BC), victor in the Civil War of 49-45 BC, and dictator (46-44 BC), who was launching a series of political and social reforms when he was assassinated by a group ... [92 Related Articles]
Roman general and statesman in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar. Shakespeare's portrayal of the celebrated Roman ruler is an ambiguous one, stressing Caesar's weaknesses as well as his noble qualities. Cassius reveals the feelings of the conspirators when he ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Hadrian") ...succession, and he wanted it resolved in his own way. With Fuscus eliminated, Hadrian adopted the profligate Lucius Ceionius Commodus, aged about 36. The extravagant life of Ceionius, later renamed Lucius Aelius Caesar, portended a disastrous reign. Fortunately, he died ...
(from the article "Augustus") ...seemed to be indicating his views regarding his ultimate successor when he adopted the two sons of his daughter Julia, boys aged three and one, who were henceforward known as Gaius Caesar and Lucius Caesar. Their father, Agrippa, whose powers ...
("Ruins of Caesarea"), ancient port and administrative city of Palestine, on the Mediterranean coast of present-day Israel south of Haifa. It is often referred to as Caesarea Palaestinae, or Caesarea Maritima, to distinguish it from Caesarea Philippi near the headwaters ... [3 Related Articles]
leading prelate of Gaul and a celebrated preacher whose opposition to the heresy of Semi-Pelagianism (q.v.) was one of the chief influences on its decline in the 6th century. [2 Related Articles]
