Encyclopædia Britannica Australia -

Encyclopedias since 1768

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Camilleri, Andrea ... Campanile

Camilleri, Andrea: (from the article "Literature") The 2006 Italian literary scene confirmed some established trends, such as readers' passion for detective stories, attested in particular by the success of Andrea Camilleri's La vampa d'agosto. In a torrid Sicilian summer, aging and introspective Inspector Montalbano is haunted ...
Camillus of Lellis, Saint: founder of the Ministers of the Sick. Along with St. John of God, Camillus became patron of the sick.
Camillus, Marcus Furius: Roman soldier and statesman who came to be honoured after the sack of Rome by the Gauls (c. 390) as the second founder of the city. [2 Related Articles]
Caminer, David: British computer software engineer developed (with hardware designer John Pinkerton) the world's first business computer, LEO (Lyons Electronic Office), which revolutionized the speed and accuracy with which routine business data could be processed. In 1936 Caminer, who had opted not ...
Caminha, Adolfo: (from the article "Brazilian literature") Two authors closely identified with the naturalist school who were writing during Machado de Assis's time are Aluizio Azevedo and Adolfo Caminha. Azevedo's naturalist and somewhat melodramatic novels deal primarily with environmental determinism and denounce social evils. Three novels are ...
Caminiti, Kenneth Gene: American baseball player (b. April 21, 1963, Hanford, Calif.-d. Oct. 10, 2004, New York, N.Y.), won the National League's Most Valuable Player (MVP) award in 1996 as a member of the San Diego Padres. In 2002 he told Sports Illustrated ... [1 Related Articles]
Camino Real: (Spanish: Royal Road), highway that in the 16th century connected the cities of Gijon, Leon, and Madrid, Spain; in Spain it has come to mean any important highway. In California a coastal highway called El Camino Real was built during ...
Camino Real, El: (from the article "Camino Real") ...highway that in the 16th century connected the cities of Gijon, Leon, and Madrid, Spain; in Spain it has come to mean any important highway. In California a coastal highway called El Camino Real was built during the Spanish period ...
Camisard: any of the Protestant militants of the Bas-Languedoc and Cevennes regions of southern France who, in the early 18th century, organized an armed insurrection in opposition to Louis XIV's persecution of Protestantism. Camisards were so called probably because of the ... [2 Related Articles]
Camm, Sydney: (from the article "Hurricane") The Hurricane emerged from efforts by Sydney Camm, Hawker's chief designer, to develop a high-performance monoplane fighter and from a March 1935 Air Ministry requirement calling for an unprecedented heavy armament of eight wing-mounted 0.303-inch (7.7-mm) machine guns. Designed around ...
Cammaerts, Emile: Belgian poet and writer who, as a vigorous royalist, interpreted Belgium to the British public.
Cammeyer, William: (from the article "baseball") ...paid dues, the emphasis was on fraternity and socializing, and baseball games were played largely among members. But the growth of baseball's popularity soon attracted commercial interest. In 1862 William Cammeyer of Brooklyn constructed an enclosed baseball field with stands ...
Camoes Prize: (from the article "World Literary Prizes 2007") The 2007 Camoes Prize, the most important trophy of Portuguese-language literatures, went to Antonio Lobo Antunes, who during the year published his 19th novel, O meu nome e legiao. The prolific young Portuguese poet, essayist, playwright, and novelist Goncalo M. ...
Camoes, Luis de: Portugal's great national poet, author of the epic poem Os Lusiadas (1572; The Lusiads), which describes Vasco da Gama's discovery of the sea route to India. Camoes had a permanent and unparalleled impact on Portuguese and Brazilian literature alike, due ... [4 Related Articles]
Camonica, Val: (from the article "Alps") ...some of which were built on the shores of the Alpine lakes. Sites have been discovered near Lake Annecy, along the shores of Lake Geneva, in the Totes Mountains in Austria, and in the Aosta and Camonica Valleys in Italy. ...
Camorra: Italian secret society of criminals that grew to power in Naples during the 19th century. Its origins are uncertain, but it may have existed in Spain as early as the 15th century and been transported thence to Italy. As the ... [1 Related Articles]
Camorta: (from the article "Nicobar Islands") ...the Andaman Islands to the north, constitute the boundary between the southeastern Bay of Bengal (west) and the Andaman Sea (east). The Nicobar group includes the islands of Car Nicobar (north), Camorta (Kamorta) and Nancowry (central group), and Great Nicobar ...
camouflage: in military science, the art and practice of concealment and visual deception in war. It is the means of defeating enemy observation by concealing or disguising installations, personnel, equipment, and activities. Conventional camouflage is restricted to passive defensive measures. The ...
camp: in military service, an area for temporary or semipermanent sheltering of troops. In most usage the word camp signifies an installation more elaborate and durable than a bivouac but less so than a fort or billet.
Camp Beauregard: (from the article "Mayfield") ...and grain. Extensive local deposits of ball clay are used for ceramics and china, and other manufactures include telecommunications towers, tires, and air compressors. A monument marks the site of Camp Beauregard (1861), a Confederate base during the American Civil ...
camp bed: (from the article "furniture") ...might well be draped like a tent. In these surroundings, the army commanders of Napoleon's time could feel like the caesars and consuls of ancient Rome. During a campaign, however, collapsible iron camp beds were more practical. Napoleon owned several ...
Camp David: rural retreat of U.S. presidents in Catoctin Mountain Park, a unit of the National Park Service on a spur of the Blue Ridge Mountains in Frederick county, northern Maryland, U.S. Camp David lies just west of Thurmont and 64 miles ...
Camp David Accords: agreements between Israel and Egypt signed on September 17, 1978, that led in the following year to a peace treaty between those two countries, the first such treaty between Israel and any of its Arab neighbours. Brokered by U.S. President ... [16 Related Articles]
Camp Fire Boys and Girls: (from the article "camping") ...in 1910 by Ernest Thompson Seton, it incorporated camping as a major part of its program. Similar emphasis on camping was to be found in the Girl Guides (founded in Great Britain in 1910), the Camp Fire Boys and Girls ...
Camp Lemonier: (from the article "Outsourcing War-The Surge in Private Military Firms") ...these problems, PMFs are now called upon to deliver services previously considered the domain of military personnel. Kellogg, Brown & Root (KBR) runs the only permanent U.S. base in Africa (Camp Lemonier in Djibouti, at the mouth of the Red ...
camp meeting: type of outdoor revival meeting that was held on the American frontier during the 19th century by various Protestant denominations. Camp meetings filled an ecclesiastical and spiritual need in the unchurched settlements as the population moved west. Their origin is ...
Camp, Walter: sports authority best known for having selected the earliest All-America teams in American college gridiron football. More important, Camp played a leading role in developing the American game as distinct from rugby football. [4 Related Articles]
Campa: city of ancient India, the capital of the kingdom of Anga (a region corresponding with the eastern part of modern Bihar state), identified with two villages of that name on the south bank of the Ganges River, east of Monghyr. ...
Campa Arawak: (from the article "Arawak") ...were sedentary farmers who hunted and fished, lived in small autonomous settlements, and had little hierarchical organization. The Arawak were found as far west as the foothills of the Andes. These Campa Arawak, however, remained isolated from influences of the ...
Campagna di Roma: lowland plain surrounding the city of Rome in Lazio (Latium) regione, central Italy. Occupying an area of about 800 square miles (2,100 square km), it is bounded on the northwest by the Tolfa and Sabatini mountains, on the northeast by ...
Campagna vase: (from the article "pottery") ...carried into the 19th century, during which time the flower designs became somewhat overblown, although landscapes remained on a high level. The sets of so-called Campana vases (more properly Campagna), distantly derived from Italianate copies of the Greek krater, were ...
campagne: (from the article "dressage") Dressage is generally divided into elementary training (campagne) and the much more advanced haute ecole. Elementary training consists of teaching the young horse obedience, balance, and relaxation. Starting with the horse on a longe ...
Campagnola, Domenico: Italian painter and printmaker and one of the first professional draftsmen.
Campagnola, Giulio: Italian painter and engraver who anticipated by over two centuries the development of stipple engraving. Much of his significance derives from this technique: a system of delicate flicks and dots with the engraving tool, by which he achieved subtle nuances ... [2 Related Articles]
campaign: (from the article "Mexico") Federal legislators, reacting to both the very high cost of Mexican political campaigns and the controversies sparked by privately funded television advertisements during the 2006 presidential race, also approved a law that sharply limited private campaign spending and restricted parties' ...
campaign finance reform: (from the article "McCain, John") ...cleared by the Senate in 1991 of illegalities in his dealings on Keating's behalf, McCain was mildly rebuked for exercising "poor judgment." Duly embarrassed, McCain became a champion of campaign finance reform; he collaborated with the liberal Democratic senator Russ ...
campaign furniture: in Europe, variety of portable furniture made for travel. Most of the surviving examples date from the 19th century and were made for Napoleon's campaigns; they include such items as small chests, folding seats, and washstands in three tiers resting ...
Campaigne, Philippe de: (from the article "painting, Western") The influence of the highly Baroque paintings depicting the life of Marie de Medicis that Rubens had executed for the Luxembourg Palace in Paris was small. But Philippe de Campaigne evolved a grave and sober Baroque style that had its ...
Campaldino, Battle of: (June 11, 1289), in Italian history, a battle between Florence and Arezzo, an episode in the struggles among rival Tuscan towns and in the contest between the Guelfs and Ghibellines (pro-papal and pro-imperial parties in Italy). The battle marked the ...
Campan, Jeanne-Louise-Henriette Genest: preeminent educator of Napoleonic France and champion of a broader curriculum for women students.
Campana, Dino: innovative Italian lyric poet who is almost as well known for his tragic, flamboyant personality as for his controversial writings.
Campanella, Roy: American baseball player, a professional National League catcher for the Brooklyn Dodgers, whose career was cut short as a result of an automobile accident. [2 Related Articles]
Campanella, Tommaso: Italian philosopher and writer who sought to reconcile Renaissance humanism with Roman Catholic theology. He is best remembered for his socialistic work La citta del sole (1602; "The City of the Sun"), written while he was a prisoner of the ... [2 Related Articles]
Campanelli, Pauline Eble: American artist (b. Jan. 25, 1943, Bronx, N.Y.-d. Nov. 29, 2001, Pohatcong township, N.J.), painted superrealist still lifes that, while never of much interest to prestigious, expensive galleries and art museums, sold by the thousands through catalogs, furniture stores, and ...
Campani, Giuseppe: Italian optical-instrument maker who invented a lens-grinding lathe.
Campania: regione, southern Italy, on the Tyrrhenian Sea between the Garigliano (Lower Liri) River (north) and the Gulf of Policastro (south). The region comprises the provinces of Avellino, Benevento, Caserta, Napoli, and Salerno. Campania is mountainous and hilly, the Neapolitan Apennines ... [7 Related Articles]
Campanian Apennines: (from the article "Apennine Range") ...a maximum height of 7,103 feet at Mount Cimone; the Umbrian-Marchigian Apennines, with their maximum elevation (8,130 feet) at Mount Vettore; the Abruzzi Apennines, 9,554 feet at Mount Corno; the Campanian Apennines, 7,352 feet at Mount Meta; the Lucanian Apennines, ...
Campanian Stage: fifth of six main divisions (in ascending order) in the Upper Cretaceous Series, representing rocks deposited worldwide during the Campanian Age, which occurred 83.5 to 70.6 million years ago during the Cretaceous Period. Rocks of the Campanian Stage overlie those ... [1 Related Articles]
campaniform organ: (from the article "insect") ...For example, contact between the hairs on the feet and the ground inhibits movement and may lead to a state of rest in some insects. Modified mechanical sense organs in the cuticle called campaniform organs detect bending strains in the ...
campanile: bell tower, usually built beside or attached to a church; the word is most often used in connection with Italian architecture. The earliest campaniles, variously dated from the 6th to the 10th century, were plain round towers with a few ... [1 Related Articles]
Campanile: (from the article "San Marco Basilica") The Campanile, separated from the church, was originally begun under the doge Pietro Tribuno (died 912). It was adapted into its present familiar form early in the 16th century. In 1902 it collapsed, but by 1912 it had been rebuilt ...