Encyclopædia Britannica Australia -

Encyclopedias since 1768

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Adler, Guido ... Adobe Acrobat

Adler, Guido: Austrian musicologist and teacher who was one of the founders of modern musicology.
Adler, Jacob P.: (from the article "Adler, Sara") ...forbidden. Early the next year the Heine troupe immigrated to the United States, where Sara soon gained a following in the Yiddish theatre in New York City. In 1890 she divorced Heine and married Jacob Adler, the leading tragic actor ...
Adler, Kurt: Austrian-born American conductor and administrator who transformed the San Francisco Opera into one of the nation's leading opera companies.
Adler, Larry: American harmonica player generally considered to be responsible for the elevation of the mouth organ to concert status in the world of classical music. [1 Related Articles]
Adler, Lawrence James: Hungarian-born Australian businessman, founder of the Fire and All Risks Insurance Co. (later renamed FAI Insurance, Ltd.) and one of the 10 richest men in the country.
Adler, Lou: (from the article "Lou Adler") Although he lacked the signature sound of Phil Spector or Brian Wilson, Lou Adler was an important catalyst for the new folk-rock sound of California. After working with Herb Alpert as a songwriter, producer, and artist manager at Keen and ...
Adler, Mortimer J.: American philosopher, educator, editor, and advocate of adult and general education by study of the great writings of the Western world. [2 Related Articles]
Adler, Nathan Marcus: chief rabbi of the British Empire, who founded Jews' College and the United Synagogue.
Adler, Oskar: (from the article "Schoenberg, Arnold") ...which he played with his teacher or with a cousin. A little later, when he acquired a viola-playing classmate, he advanced to the writing of string trios for two violins and viola. His meeting with Oskar Adler (later the famed ...
Adler, Renata: Italian-born American journalist, experimental novelist, and film critic best known for her analytic essays and reviews for The New Yorker magazine and for her 1986 book that investigates the news media.
Adler, Robert: Austrian-born American physicist as head of the research division of Zenith Radio Corp. (now Zenith Electronics), invented the first practical wireless remote control device for the television set. Adler's device, which was introduced by Zenith in 1956, relied on ...
Adler, Sara: Russian-born American actress, one of the most celebrated figures in the American Yiddish theatre.
Adler, Stella: American actress, teacher, and founder of the Stella Adler Conservatory of Acting in New York City (1949), where she tutored performers in "the method" technique of acting (see Stanislavsky method).
Adler, Victor: Austrian Social Democrat, founder of a party representing all the nationalities of Austria-Hungary. [1 Related Articles]
Adlersparre, Georg, Greve: political and social reformer who was a leader of the 1809 coup d'etat that overthrew Sweden's absolutist king Gustav IV.
Admetus: in Greek legend, son of Pheres, king of Pherae in Thessaly. Having sued for the hand of Alcestis, the most beautiful of the daughters of Pelias, king of Iolcos in Thessaly, Admetus was first required to harness a lion and ...
Administration of Justice Act: (from the article "Intolerable Acts") The third, the Administration of Justice Act, was aimed at protecting British officials charged with capital offenses during law enforcement by allowing them to go to England or another colony for trial. The fourth Coercive Act included new arrangements for ...
Administration of Justice Act: (from the article "Middlesex") ...lies in the metropolitan county of Greater London, the urban districts of Staines and Sunbury-on-Thames lie within the administrative county of Surrey, and Potters Bar in Hertfordshire. Under the Administration of Justice Act (1964) the Middlesex area of London was ...
Administration, Directorate of: (from the article "Central Intelligence Agency") The Directorate of Administration is responsible for the CIA's finances and personnel matters. It also contains the Office of Security, which is responsible for the security of personnel, facilities, and information as well as for uncovering spies within the CIA.
administrative budget: (from the article "government budget") The traditional administrative budget contains the executive's recommendations concerning the raising of what Magna Carta referred to as "scutage or aid" and the disposal of it for purposes of government. This kind of budget is designed to control expenditure; accordingly, ...
administrative city: (from the article "urban culture") Like ritual cities, administrative cities were the habitations of the state rulers. Their major cultural role was to serve as the locus of state administration. State offices and officers had an urban location, from which they exercised a political control ...
administrative county: (from the article "county") ...the Local Government Act of 1888 established county councils, with members elected by local residents, to take over the legislative and executive duties of the magistrates. The act also created new administrative counties, which sometimes had different boundaries than the ...
administrative law: the legal framework within which public administration is carried out. It derives from the need to create and develop a system of public administration under law, a concept that may be compared with the much older notion of justice under ... [2 Related Articles]
Administrative Procedure Act: (from the article "civil service") To counter charges that the U.S. civil service was encroaching on the powers of the judiciary, the Administrative Procedure Act of 1946 laid down detailed provisions to safeguard citizens' rights where the administration had powers of adjudication. These rights included ...
Administrative Staff College: (from the article "employee training") ...the advanced management program for senior executives at the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration, were already well established in the immediate postwar period. In Great Britain the Administrative Staff College (now Henley Management College) was set up at Henley-on-Thames ...
administrative tribunal: (from the article "administrative law") ...and an ancient legal doctrine holds that "the king can do no wrong." Moreover, the development of state-provided social services has been accompanied by the creation of a large number of administrative tribunals to determine disputes between a government department ...
admiral: the title and rank of a senior naval officer, often referred to as a flag officer, who commands a fleet or group of ships of a navy or who holds an important naval post on shore. The term is sometimes ...
admiral: any of several butterfly species in the family Nymphalidae (order Lepidoptera) that are fast-flying and much prized by collectors for their coloration, which consists of black wings with white bands and reddish brown markings. The migratory red admiral (Vanessa atalanta), ... [1 Related Articles]
Admiral carpet: any of a number of 14th- or 15th-century carpets handwoven in Spain, probably at Letur or at Lietor in Murcia. The carpets were made with the Spanish knot, tied on a single warp and set in staggered rows on adjacent ...
Admiral's Cup: racing trophy awarded to the winner of a biennial international competition among teams of sailing yachts; it was established in 1957 by the Royal Ocean Racing Club (RORC) of Great Britain. Teams of three yachts rated at 25 to 70 ... [1 Related Articles]
Admiral's Men: a theatrical company in Elizabethan and Jacobean England. About 1576-79 they were known as Lord Howard's Men, so called after their patron Charles Howard, 1st earl of Nottingham, 2nd Baron Howard of Effingham. In 1585, when Lord Howard became England's ... [4 Related Articles]
Admiralty: (from the article "Saint Petersburg") Much of St. Petersburg's historical and cultural heritage is concentrated on the Admiralty Side. The district centres on the Admiralty. This, the nucleus of Peter's original city, was reconstructed in 1806-23 by Andreyan D. Zakharov as a development of the ...
Admiralty: in Great Britain, until 1964, the government department that managed naval affairs. In that year the three service departments-the Admiralty, the War Office, and the Air Ministry-were abolished as separate departments and merged in a new unified Ministry of Defence, ... [1 Related Articles]
Admiralty Bay: (from the article "Antarctica") ...International Polar Year. As part of the ATCM, the Committee on Environmental Protection also held its ninth meeting. The committee approved a new Antarctic Specially Managed Area to be located in Admiralty Bay, South Shetland Islands; discussed new marine protected ...
admiralty brass: (from the article "brass") ...zinc, added to improve physical and mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, or machinability or to modify colour. Among these are the lead brasses, which are more easily machined; the naval and admiralty brasses, in which a small amount of tin improves ...
Admiralty Inlet: passage of water located between Brodeur and Borden peninsulas and indenting for 230 miles (370 km) the northwest coast of Baffin Island in the Baffin region of Nunavut territory, Canada. The inlet, leading southward from Lancaster Sound of Baffin Bay, ...
Admiralty Island: (from the article "Alaskan mountains") ...mountains of the archipelago range in elevation from 2,000-3,500 feet in the southern Prince of Wales Mountains to more than 4,000-7,500 feet in the Chilkat Range and the mountains of Admiralty, Baranof, and Chicagof islands. These islands have small glaciers ...
Admiralty Islands: islands in Papua New Guinea, southwestern Pacific Ocean, an extension of the Bismarck Archipelago comprising about 40 islands. The group lies about 190 miles (300 km) off the northern coast of Papua New Guinea. The volcanic Manus Island constitutes the ... [1 Related Articles]
Admiralty Landships Committee: (from the article "tank") ...The vehicle was constructed by the Armoured Car Division of the Royal Naval Air Service, whose ideas, backed by the First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston S. Churchill, resulted in the formation of an Admiralty Landships Committee. A series of ...
Admiralty Screen: (from the article "Adam, Robert") Adam's first important work in London was the Admiralty Screen (c. 1760). Through the influence of John Stuart, 3rd earl of Bute, a friend of King George III, he was appointed architect of the King's Works in November 1761 along ...
Admiralty Side: (from the article "Saint Petersburg") Much of St. Petersburg's historical and cultural heritage is concentrated on the Admiralty Side. The district centres on the Admiralty. This, the nucleus of Peter's original city, was reconstructed in 1806-23 by Andreyan D. Zakharov as a development of the ...
admissibility: (from the article "evidence") In civil proceedings in the common-law countries, evidence is both ascertained and simultaneously restricted by the assertions of the parties. If the allegations of one party are not disputed or contested by the other, or if the allegations are even ...
admission: (from the article "evidence") ...law than in continental law. The most commonly cited exceptions to the rule of hearsay relate to statements made by dead or absent persons, statements in public documents, and to confessions and admissions by parties.
admittance: (from the article "electrical impedance") ...component of the impedance (whether predominantly inductive or capacitive), the alternating current either lags or leads the voltage. The reciprocal of the impedance, 1/Z, is called the admittance and is expressed in terms of the unit of conductance, the mho ...
admitted liability insurance: (from the article "insurance") ...Medical costs, including loss of income, are usually paid to passengers suffering permanent total disability without the requirement of proving negligence. This type of coverage has been called admitted liability insurance.
admonitory mask: (from the article "mask") Masks have served an important role as a means of discipline and have been used to admonish women, children, and criminals. Common in China, Africa, Oceania, and North America, admonitory masks usually completely cover the features of the wearer. It ...
Admont Bible: (from the article "painting, Western") ...where Salzburg was the leading centre. A strong Italian element is detectable in the illustrations in books of the first half of the 12th century, such as the giant Bible at Michaelbeuern and the Admont Bible of 1140-50. The latter ...
adnation: (from the article "angiosperm") Floral organs are often united or fused: connation is the fusion of similar organs-e.g., the fused petals in the morning glory; adnation is the fusion of different organs-for example, the stamens fused to petals in the mint family (Lamiaceae). The ...
Ado-Ekiti: town, Ondo state, southwestern Nigeria. It lies in the Yoruba Hills, at the intersection of roads from Akure, Ilawe, Ilesha, Ila (Illa), and Ikare, and is situated 92 miles (148 km) east-northeast of Ibadan. An urban and industrial centre of ...
adobe: a heavy clay soil used to make sun-dried bricks. The term, Spanish-Moorish in origin, also denotes the bricks themselves. [2 Related Articles]
Adobe Acrobat: (from the article "Adobe Systems Incorporated") Another major company initiative in the 1990s-the Adobe Acrobat product family-was designed to provide a standard format for electronic document distribution. Once a document had been converted to Acrobat's portable document format (PDF), regardless of its origins, users of any ...